机电专业英语课件Lesson-1

Lesson1TheDevelopmentofComputer计算机的发展•SectionIWordsandPhrases•SectionIITextandTranslation•SectionIIIExercisesandAnswers词英汉练EndNext答SectionIWordsandPhrases•associate[ə'səuʃieit,ə'səuʃi.eit,ə'səuʃiit]vt.联想,联合n.伙伴,同事,同伴adj.副的,共事的,有联系的•ENIAC['i:niæk]abbr.电子数字积分计算机(=electronicnumericalintegratorandcalculator)•awareness[ə‘wɛənis]n.认识,觉察,意识•refertoas把……称作•例句:Englishisreferredtoasauniversallanguage.英文被称为世界语言。•takeadvantageof利用•multiplication[.mʌltipli‘keiʃən,.mʌltəplə’keiʃən]n.增加,繁殖,乘法运算•例句：Themultiplicationofnumbershasmadeourclubbuildingtoosmall.会员的增加使得我们的俱乐部拥挤不堪。TopicAboveNextEndSectionIWordsandPhrases•physically[‘fizikəlli,’fizikəli]adv.身体上地,实际上•例句：Themaleisphysicallystrongerthanthefemale.男性在身体上要比女性强壮。•turningpoint转折点,转机•LARC[LivermoreAutomaticResearchComputer)利弗莫尔自动研究计算机•tosomeextent在某种程度上•continuousprocess连续法，连续过程，连续制造程序，流水作业•VLSI=verylargescaleintegratedcircuit超大规模集成电路•residein存在,永久地或长久地居住在...•ROM[rɔm]abbr.只读存储器(=readonlymemory)•RAM[ræm]abbr.随机存取存储器(=randomaccessmemory)TopicAboveNextEndSectionIITextTheStartofWorldWarⅡproducedalargeneedforcomputercapacity.In1942,JohnP.Eckert,JohnW.Mauchly,andtheirassociatesdecidedtobuildahigh-speedelectroniccomputertodothejob.ThismachinebecameknownasENIAC(ElectricalNumericalIntegratorandCalculator).Severalyearslater,themathematicianNeumanncontributedanewawarenessofhowpractical,yetfastcomputersshouldbeorganizedandbuilt.Theseideas,usuallyreferredtoasthestored-programtechnique,becameessentialforfuturegenerationsofhigh-speeddigitalcomputersandwereuniversallyadopted.Thefirstgenerationofmodernprogrammedelectroniccomputersthattakeadvantageoftheseimprovementswerebuiltin1947.ThisgroupincludedcomputersusingRandom-Access-Memory(RAM).Thesemachineshadpunched-cardorpunchedtapeI/OdevicesandRAMsof1000-wordcapacityandaccesstimeof5μs.Someofthemcouldperformmultiplicationsin2to4μs.Physically,theyweremuchsmallerthanENIAC.TopicAboveNext汉EndSectionIITextEarlyinthe1950s,twoimportantengineeringdiscoverieschangedtheimageoftheelectronic-computerfield.ThesediscoverieswerethemagneticcorememoryandTransistor-CircuitElement.Thesetechnicaldiscoveriesquicklyfoundtheirwayintonewmodelsofdigitalcomputers.Inthe1960s,effortstodesignanddevelopthefastestpossiblecomputerwiththegreatestcapacityreachedaturningpointwiththeLARCmachine.TheLARChadabasememoryof98000wordsandmultipliedin10μs.Thetrendduringthe1970swas,tosomeextent,movingawayfromverypowerful,single-purposecomputersandtowardalargerrangeofapplicationsforcheapercomputersystems.Mostcontinuous-processmanufacturing,suchaspetroleumrefiningandelectrical-powerdistributionsystemsthenusedcomputersofsmallercapabilityforcontrollingandregulatingtheirjobs.TopicAboveNext汉EndSectionIITextInthe1980sverylargescaleintegration(VLSI),inwhichhundredsofthousandsoftransistorswereplacedonasinglechip,becamemoreandmorecommon.Manycompanies,somenewtothecomputerfield,introducedinthe1970sprogrammableminicomputerssuppliedwithsoftwarepackages.The“shrinking”trendcontinuedwiththeintroductionofpersonalcomputers,whichareprogrammablemachinessmallenoughandinexpensiveenoughtobepurchasedandusedbyindividuals.Thecomputerfieldcontinuestoexperiencehugegrowth.Computernetworking,computermail,andelectronicpublishingarejustafewoftheapplicationsthathavegrowninrecentyears.Advancesintechnologiescontinuetoproducecheaperandmorepowerfulcomputers,offeringthepromisethatinthenearfuture,computersorterminalswillresideinmost,ifnotallhomes,offices,andschools.TopicAboveNext汉EndSectionIITranslation机电一体化技术并不是什么新事物，它是指把精密机械工程、控制理论、计算机技术和电子技术等领域的最新技术结合起来应用于设计过程中，以创造出功能更强，适应性更好的产品。当然，这也是很多具有超前思想的设计师和工程师多年来一直致力于的事情。如图7.1所示，机电一体化是一门由机械学、电子学、信息技术多学科融合的学科（不是简单的混合），目标是使工程师完成产品开发，这就是为什么机电一体化技术目前在工业上非常流行的原因。1969年安川电气公司的一位日本工程师杜撰出了这个新英文单词“mechatronics”（机电一体化），来反映机械与电气工程学科的融合。直到20世纪80年代初期，机电一体化产生了工程学，它是由机械学和电子学组成的边缘学科。TopicAboveNext英EndSectionIITranslation现在，机电一体化包括了许多技术，这些技术都是各自领域知名的技术。每项技术仍然是以机械和电子技术的融合作为基础，但现在已包括了更多的技术特别是软件和信息技术。例如，由机械系统和电子系统产生的许多早期机器人已经成为机电一体化技术的核心。机电一体化一词正式被学术界承认是在1996年出版的电气和电子工程师协会和美国机械工程师协会关于”机电一体化“会刊上。在第一期里，作者对机电一体会进行了定义。在承认关于机电一体化方面许多流行的定义后，人们选择了如下的一段收入了学报：”机械工程和电子学及智能计算机控制相互促进的综合作用，应用于工业产品的设计和制造过程。”TopicAboveNext英EndSectionIITranslation在这部分作者提出了机电一体化范畴至少包括11个方面：建模与设计；系统集成；执行元件与传感器；智能控制；机器人技术；制造加工；运动控制；振动和噪声控制；微电子装置和光电子系统；自动化系统；其他应用。TopicAboveNext英EndSectionIIIExercises•I.选择题•1.Mechatronicsisnothingnew;itissimplytheapplicationofthetechniquesinprecisionmechanicalengineering.A.newlyB.complexC.latestD.advanced•2.This,ofcourse,issomethingmanyforward-thinkingdesignersandengineersforyears.A.hasbeendoingB.havebeendoingC.havedoneD.willbedoing•3.Mechatronicsistheinterdisciplinaryfusion(notjustasimplemixture!)ofmechatronics,andinformationtechnology.•A.opticsB.physicsC.biologyD.electronicsTopicAbove答NextEnd•4.AJapaneseengineerfromYasukawaElectricCompanytheterm“mechatronics”in1969toreflectthemergingofmechanicalandelectricalengineeringdisciplines.A.madeB.usedC.discoveredD.coined•5.Today,thetermencompassesalargearrayoftechnologies,manyofhavebecomewell-knownintheirownsight.A.madeB.usedC.discoveredD.coined•6.Forexample,manyearly