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ChinaDebateEducationNetworkCurriculumOutlineRefutation* I. Definition of refutation Notes A. Refutation involves one debater directly responding to an argument of an opposing debater. B. Refutation involves a debater objecting to an argument raised by someone on the other side. II. Purpose of refutation A. To deny a competing argument B. Weaken or even destroy an argument C. To force the original debater to generate a better argument. III. Methods of refutation A. Internal method—considering the standards of good arguments 1. Acceptability of evidence 2. Relevance of link 3. Sufficiency of link B. External method 1. Creating counter arguments 2. Objecting to opposing arguments with arguments of your own * Created September 2012 Refutation– 2 C. Combination method 1. Combines the internal and external method 2. Evaluates the argument according to standards of a good argument while simultaneously creating a counter argument 3. This is the strongest method of refutation. IV. Deciding what to refute 1. Can’t refute everything 2. Don’t focus on arguments that are the easiest to refute. 3. Focus on important arguments 4. Focus on arguments essential to the opposing speaker’s case 5. Focus on arguments that prevent you from making your own case V. Process of refutation: Four-‐Step refutation 1. “They say . . .” (identify the target argument you will be refuting) 2. “But I say . . .” (state the claim of your own refutation) 3. “Because . . .” (provide support for your refutation) 4. “Therefore . . .” (explain why the argument is important to the debate)
本文标题:英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制)-----第七讲反驳
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