沪教牛津版八年级下期中语法复习

第1页一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“todosth”（有时可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充当谓语外其他成分都可以充当，如主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等，这学期我们主要学习动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。1.作宾语需要用动词不定式做宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,forget,remember,need,ask,learn,decide,wouldlike,try,offer,plan,refuse,agree,help等。Remembertoposttheletter.Ihopetostaywithyou拓展：（1）当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常需要形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语（不定式）置于宾语补足语之后，其结构为：主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式。IfinditdifficulttolearnJapanesewell.（2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.Hebegantoreadandwriteafterdinner.（3）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m),which,what,when,how,where(why除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。Howtocontrolthewaterpollutionisabigproblem.Thetroubleiswhomtoinvite.（4）”疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句Idon’tknowwhattodonexttime.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonexttime.2.作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或者怎么样。其后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有：ask,tell,like,love,hate,wouldlike,order,teach,want,wish,advise等。Thedoctoradvisedhimtotakeagoodrest.Weaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.拓展：（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时，在使役动词和感官动词后面需要省略to，常见的此类动词有：have,let,make,feel,hear,notice,see,watch.Thebossmadetheworkersworkover10hoursadayinthepast.IsawLiLeifalldownfromhisbike,（2）help接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号可以省略也可以不省略。Heoftencomestohelpus(to)dosomefarmingwork.3.作目的状语动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.第2页练习1.Thechildrendecide_______theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned2.Helosthiskey.Itmadehim______inthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay3.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps4.Itwastimeforclass.MrKingaskedallthechildren________downquietly.A.sitB.satC.tositD.sitting5.______abookinthelibrary,youshouldenterakeywordintothecomputerfirst.A.TofindB.FindC.TowriteD.Write6.---Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?---Sorry,Ican’tdecide________now.A.tobuywhichoneB.buywhichoneC.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit7.TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,andyouwillfinditinteresting______aforeignlanguage.A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.tolearn8.---IwillgohoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?---Ihaven’tdecidedwhere_______.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo9.---Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?---BecauseIhavemuchhomework_______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo二、动名词Communicatingismorethanjustspeaking.交流不仅仅是说话Debbieenjoyssmilingandalwayslooksfriendly.黛比喜欢微笑并且看上去总是很友好I’mlookingforwardtogoingtoBeijing.我正盼望着去北京。动名词是由“动词原形+ing”构成，它在句中可作多种成分。变化规则一般在词尾加ing。buy-buyingwait-waitingrain-raining以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加ing。use-usingride-riding以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing。begin-beginningcut-cutting少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。die-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying以oe,ee,ye结尾的动词，直接在词尾加ing。see-seeingflee-fleeing用法1.作主语常位于句首，此时位于动词应使用第三人称单数形式。Swimmingintheseaisherfavouritesport.2.作表语用于表示主语是什么。Myfavouritehobbyiscollectingstamps.3.作动词和介词的宾语IpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.第3页Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.4.作定语动名词可以用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可以使用“for+动名词”形式位于所修饰的名词前。aswimmingpool=apoolofforswimming.1.Theretiredcoupleenjoy_________photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras.A.takeB.tookC.totakeD.taking2.---Thanksverymuchfor___________（invite）metoyourbirthdayparty.3.______thecompetitionbroughthermorethanjustfame.A.WinB.WinningC.WonD.Winner4.WatchingTVtoomuch_______goodforyoureyes.A.isB.isn’tC.areD.aren’t5.---Wouldyoumind_______thewindow?---Notatall.A.openingB.openC.toopenD.opens6.Whatabout______theguitar?A.practisingplayingB.practisetoplayC.practiseplayingD.practisingtoplay7.Theylefttheroomwithout_____aword.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.says三、被动语态1.Nonetsarerequiredforthistypeoffishing.这种捕鱼方式不需要网。2.CormorantfishingwasoncepractisedinlotsofplacesinSouth-EastChina...曾经中国东南部很多地方从事鸬鹚捕鱼业......3.Amusicshowwillbeheldintheschoolhallat4p.m.onTuesday,4May.5月4日星期二下午4点，将在学校大厅举行音乐表演。说明：句1是一般现在时的被动语态，句2是一般过去时的被动语态，句3是一般将来时的被动语态。英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1.基本构成be+过去分词Footballisplayedallovertheworld.足球风靡世界。Isitmadeofbamboo?它是用竹子做的吗？2.基本变法WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语其余部分第4页宾语提前做主语，主语变为介词by的宾语，谓语变为be+过去分词，时态根据主动语态来确定。3.常见的几种被动语态一般现在时am/is/are(not)+过去分词Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.一般过去时was/were(not)+过去分词ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.一般将来时will/shal(not)l+be+过去分词LeiFengwillberememberedbyusforever,现在进行时am/is/are(not)being+过去分词Manytreesarebeingcutdownnow现在完成时have/has(not)been+过去分词Man-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospace.含情态动词can/may/must(not)be+过去分词Alltheexercisesmustbefinishedbefore4p.m.4.省去by的几个条件(1)不知道、没必要或不想说出动作的执行者。Riceisgrownwellthere.(2)强调说明动作的承受者IwassenttoteachthemEnglish.(3)汉语中有“据说、大家说”等Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.5.各种时态的被动语态(1)一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词IamoftengivengiftsbyTom.ThethingsonshowareallmadeinChina.Istheroomcleanedeveryday?(2)一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词Jimwasaskedtogothere.Thevisitorswerestoppedfromleavingthetopofthemountainbytheheavysnow.(3)一般将来时的被动语态willbe+过去分词或者am/is/are+过去分词Lotsoftreeswillbeplantedonthehillnextyear.Thechildrenwon’tbeallowedtogooutatnight.Isthebridgegoingtobebuiltbytheworkersnextyear?6.特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态感官动词和使役动词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to.主动：Thebossmadeherworkfor10hoursaday.被动：shewasm