初中英语-名词性从句知识结构图解含例句解析.

名词性从句知识结构图解---Edward定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses).名词性从句包括主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句.★名词性从句中使用陈述句语序。①从属连词that;whether;if(只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分）②连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,等.在从句1.分类中做主语，宾语，表语，定语等句子成分。③连接副词when,where,how,why,whenever,however,wherever等在从句中做状语成分。引导名词性2.名词性从句的连接词选用原则：“缺什么就补什么”从句的连接词Iknowwhatheistalkingabout.(从句中缺宾语,指物)Doyouknowwhoheis?(从句中缺表语,指人)Wherehewillgoisunknown.(从句中缺地点状语)I’msurethattheywillcometomorrow.(从句中什么都不缺)Idon’tknowwhichbookIshouldchoose.(从句中缺定语)定义：充当主语功能的句子叫主语从句Thatshewaschosenmadeagreatstir(轰动)inherschool.注意:①it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessary/importantthat….…是有必要/重要的….It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat../Itisknownthat…众所周知…It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledge/afactthat………是常识/事实It+不及物动词+that-分句Ithappensthat…碰巧../Itoccurstosb.that…突然想起……名主语从句②It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较强调句：Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.(去掉该结构后,句子成分完整)词主语从句：Itwasapitythatyoushouldn’tgotoseethefilm.（在句子中作主语成分）性③whatever/whichever/whoever引导主语从句的区别ⅠWhatever是what的强调形式表示“无论什么”相当于anythingthat…从Whatever/Anythingthatshedoesiswrong.Ⅱwhoever是who的强调形式，表示‘无论谁’相当于anyonewho….句~everWhoever/Anyonewhowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.Ⅲwhichever‘无论哪个;无论哪些’,既指人,又指物.可修饰名词与of连用Whicheverbookyouborrowdoesn’tmattertous.Whicheverofusfulfillshistaskwilllendahandtoothers.定义：在复合句中充当宾语功能的句子叫宾语从句Wecanlearnwhatwedidn’tknow.Wefinditnecessarythatwe(should)practiceEnglisheveryday.★某些作表语的形容词，如sure,happy,glad,certain等之后可带宾语从句Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.注意：①wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。IwishIhadfinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.I’dratheryouhadbeenthereyesterday②在表示建议,命令,请求的词后面的宾语从句当中用should+V,should可以省略宾语从句HispalefacesuggestedthathewasillsoIsuggestedthatheshouldgotoseethedoctor.Heinsistedthathewasinnocentandinsistedthatheshouldbesetfree.③注意it作形式宾语的结构Weallthoughtitapitythatwehadmissedthelesson.Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.④that一般不接介词宾语，偶尔可作except,in的宾语；其它介词后面需用it作形式宾语Hediffersfromhisroommatesinthathedevotedhissparetimetoreading.HeknowsnothingaboutJimexceptthatheisfromLondon.Youcandependonitthathewillhelpyouintimeofemergency.⑤表示好恶的动词如like;hate;love;appreciate等后面不能直接跟宾语；Ilikeitwhentheweatherissunny.Ihateitwhensomeoneislaterformyclass.定义：充当表语功能的句子被叫做表语从句。★复习系动词的概念和类别！Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.表语从句注意：reason后面的表语从句只能用that,不能用why引导.★Thereasonisthat（because×)…Thereasonwhywedidn’ttrusthimisthathehasoftenlied.(该句型中why引导一个定语从句)定义：同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容.这些名词主要是表示抽象概念的词如fact,news,promise,idea,truth;possibility;statement;warning;advice等★同位语的引导词有that;whether;why;who;where;how等；其中that和whether只起引导作用其他连词具有实际意思，同时在同位语中作句子成分。ThenewsthatChinabrokentheworldrecordintheOlympicGameshascheeredallofus.Thequestionwhysomanypeoplewouldchoosetoliveinthecountrysidebuttoworkinthecityisstill同位语从句underdiscussion.(why引导同位语从句解释说明中心语question的内容；且why在从句中作状语)注意：①只起引导作用时，连接词用that而不用whichWheredidyougettheideathatshecouldnotcome.②同位语从句和定语从句的区别：就看that在作引导的从句中是否做句子成分Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisveryimportant.（that引导定语)Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.(that引导同位语从句)在名词性从句当中只能用wh~.在引导让步状语从句两者可以互换.⒈Nomatter+wh~Hewillbelievewhateverotherssay.(划线部分部分为名词性从句，不能互换)名wh~+ever区别Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.(划线部分为状语从句，可以互换)Whoeverwalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.(不可互换)词★原则：能用if的情况，都能用whether表“是否…”性①在表语,同位语，主语(置于句首时)从句时只用whether表“是否”Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.（表语从句）从Ihavenoideawhetherweshouldgototheparty.（同位语从句）Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.(主语从句句首)句▲Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetifweshallattendthemeeting.⒉Whether/if区别Itisdoubtfulwhether/ifhewillcomehere.(主语从句，句末时可互换)②形容词；介词；discuss后的宾语从句中只用whether表“是否”Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.(介词宾语)几个难点ThestudentsarediscussingwhethertheywillgooutforapicnicthisSunday.Iamnotsurewhetherhewillcomehereornot.(形容词的宾语)③whether与todo；whether与or或ornot的搭配Thequestioniswhethertostayorleave.Doyoumindwhetheramanorwomandoesthejob.Ⅰ：主语，表语，同位语从句中that不能省略ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntoall.（主语从句）Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.（表语从句）ThefactthattherearestillmanypeoplesufferingfrompovertyisreallyagreatproblemtotheChinesegovernment.(同位语从句)Ⅱ：在宾语从句中that在以下几种情况中不能省略⒊关于that的省略①做介词宾语时that不能省略Iknownothingaboutmyneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkabroad.②由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略Weallconsideritimportantthateverystudent(should)betreatedproperly.③句子含多个并列句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.④宾语从句被隔开时，that不能省略Ineverdoubt,underanycircumstance,thathewillstudyhard.⑤如果名词性从句中又含有从句，此时that不能省略Keepinmindthatifyouwantotherstorespectyou,youmustrespectothersfirst.(that不能省略，后面的宾语从句中含有一个条件状语从句)典型真题解析：考点一：宾语从句1.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives．w_ww.k#s5_u.co*mA．whatB．whoC．howD．whyw_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_om解析：根据句末的whetherhisfriendsorrelatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”答案：B2Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句