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1宾语补足语总汇六、具体说明:(一)副词作宾语补足语Ifoundhiminyesterday.(二)常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep,make,find等。如:Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.(三)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,make,think等。如:Wecallthemmooncakes.(四)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,hear,find,keep等。如:Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.(五)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep,find,leave等。如:Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.(六)不定式作宾语补足语1.常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,want,teach,wish等;2.接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,hear,make,letadvise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause等。如:Ioftenseehimplayfootball.Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.Pleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnote.Sherequestedhimtogowithher.3.用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明:①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如:Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework.②在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,这些动词有:一感二听三让四观看。一感:feel二听:hear,listento三让:let,have,make四观看:observe,see,watch,lookat这类动词有:make,let,have等。转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么?Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了3.掌握“使役动词have+宾语+过去分词”的几种含义在“have+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语,have也可用get。这一结构具有以下几种含义:2①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如:Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如:Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.当心,否则会弄伤手的。③意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。例如:Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墙漆了。(主语自己可能参与)④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobservetheceasefire.联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。(七)分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1.跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。例如:Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。2.几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明:①表示“意欲;命令”的动词,如like,want,wish,order等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。②感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。③使役动词have,get,make,leave,keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如:Haveyougotyourfilmsdeveloped?你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?④“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)3V.+宾语+宾补高考全解析“动词+宾语+宾补”的试题是高考试题中常考的知识点,这里呢,我就高考常考的能跟接“宾语+宾补”复合结构的动词进行着重讲解,以帮助大家掌握这一知识点:一、“make+宾语+宾补”的用法“make+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当,例如:(1)Agoodfriendissomeonewhomakesyouhappy.(形容词作宾补)(2)Theymademerepeatthestory.(省to的动词不定式)(3)Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.(过去分词作宾补)注:“make+宾语+宾补”结构中不用现在分词充当宾补。(4)Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.(名词作宾补)注:职务名词充当宾补时其前面不要加冠词。【高考试题链接】1.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_____inhislectures.(07江苏卷)A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_____aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwellB.feelinggoodC.feelwellD.feelgood答案:1.A2.D二、“with+宾语+宾补”的用法“with+宾语+宾补”是高考试题中考查十分频繁的结构,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补主要有形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等,在考题中常要求选择宾补的形式,在选择时宾补空间该使用什么形式,主要限决于宾语与宾补的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系则用过去分词,此外,不定式作宾补要表示含义为将来的意味,例如:(1)WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.(宾语somanypeople与communicate是主动关系,因此用现在分词作宾补)(2)Witheverythingheneededtobuy,hewentintothestore.(不定式作宾补表示将来的含义)(3)Witheverythingheneededbought,heleftthestore.(过去分词作宾补表被动表完成)(4)Withmykeylost,Icouldn’tentermyroom.(过去分词作宾补)(5)Withnothingtodo,Iwentoutforawalk.(不定式作宾补)(6)Iwentoutwiththewindowopen.(形容词作宾补)另外,“with+宾语+宾补”结构中还可由介词短语、副词短语来充当宾补,如:(1)Shesaidgood-byewithtearsinhereyes.(2)Helefttheroomwiththelightstillon.【高考试题链接】1.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished3.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthenoise______.(05北京)4A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon答案:1.B2.A3.A三、“have+宾语+宾补”的用法在“have+宾语+宾补”这一结构用法中,充当宾补的常用的有do,doing,done和adj,例如:(1)I’llhavemyhaircutthisafternoon.我今天下午要理发。(2)Iwon’thaveyousayingtoyourmotherthatway.(3)Herealizedthatshedidnotwishtohavehergowithhim.(4)IexpectAmywillhavetheteareadydirectly.注意:havesthdone的含义为“请别人来做某事或遭遇到某到情况”,例如:(1)Ihadthedoorpaintedlastweek.(2)Hehadhispocketpicked.(3)Shehadherwatchstolen.【高考试题链接】1.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_____inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve2.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—He_____,becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(07安徽卷)A.hasitfixedB.hadfixeditC.haditfixedD.fixedit3.Yoush
本文标题:宾语补足语总汇
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