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名词性从句名词性从句(主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句)(一)主语从句1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that。如:Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如:Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。如:Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。解释:1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。如:It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去。。C.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。D.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗?G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)来的人将受到欢迎。(二)表语从句1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:(1)从属连词that。如:ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词whether,as,asif。如:Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但asif却可引导表语从句能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。如:Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。解释:1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。注意:1.what引导“…….+is+what表语从句”,=“…….+is+先行词that……”,表示“.….是表语从句”例:Rawmaterialiswhatwearebadlyinneedof.=Rawmaterialisthethingthatwearebadlyinneedof.2.when、where、why、whether、how引导“…….+is+when、where、why、whether、how表语从句”,表示“.….是表语从句”例:That’swherewediffer.表语从句中只能用whether表示是否例:Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.3.that引导“…….+is/remain/look/seem/appear+that表语从句”,表示“.….是表语从句”例:What’stroublingmeisthatIdon’thavemuchexperienceinthisfield.主语是reason时,表语从句必须由that引出例:ThereasonIdon’tgotherewasthatIgotanewjob.4.asif/asthrough引导“……look/seem/appear/remain(系动词)+asif/asthrough表语从句”,表示“.….好像表语从句”例:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(三)宾语从句1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that。如:Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。1.EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)大家都会看出发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。3.ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4.Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。(2)从属连词if/whether。如:Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。如:Whoorwhathewas,Martinneverlearned.(1)介词宾语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。Iwalkedovertowhereshesat.我走向她坐的地方。有时介词可以省略。如:Idon’tcare(for)whomarrieshim.我不管谁跟他结婚。解释:1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.他已表明他不会屈服。2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。YoumayrelyonitthatIshallhelpyou.你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:Areyousorryforwhatyou'vedone?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:IamnotsurewhatIoughttodo.我不能确定我该做什么。4.连词whether(…ornot)或if引导的宾语从句if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和ornot连用,if一般不与ornot连用。如:Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知它是真是假。5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你错了。6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。注意:that引导“主语+谓语动词+that宾语从句”,表示“…..做(动作)宾语从句”例:Thepupilssaid(that)thequestionsweretoodifficult.that可省略“Sb.don’tdoubt(否定/疑问句)+that宾语从句”:否定怀疑时,必须用that例:Idon’tdoubtthatheistellingthetruth.“discuss+that宾语从句”:discuss后面必须跟that引导的宾语从句例:Wediscussedthatweshouldputoffthemeeting.若that引导的宾语从句还有补足语的话,需引入形式并与it,即“动词+it+宾语补足语+that宾语从句”例:Clintonwantstomakeitcleartothepublicthatthegovernmentwillinvestigatetheeventseriously.(四)同位语从句1.定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。如:Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如:Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhosh
本文标题:名词性从句学案(语法精讲-主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)+经典习题(含答案)
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