English-Academic-Writing

EnglishAcademicWritingPANLinWhatisacademicwriting?Theterm'academicwriting'comprisesmanydifferenttypesoftext,rangingfromaresearcharticlewrittenforpublicationinanacademicjournaltoaMScdissertationtoanessaywrittenforauniversitycourse.Moreover,thetexttypesareconstantlyevolvingasouruniversitiesandsocietychange.AcademicWritingStyleThedefinition:itisthetermthatdescribesthestyleoflanguagemostoftenfoundinacademicwriting.A.Academicwritingisformal.1)Trytousefullforms,avoidcontractions.e.g.don’tshouldbedonot2)Usesingle-wordverbs,avoidphrasalverbswhereverpossiblebecausephrasalverbsaregenerallymorecolloquialandinformalthansinglewordverbs.AcademicWritingStyleA.Academicwritingisformal.3)Usestandardorformalwordsandexpressions,avoidinformalornonstandardwordsandexpressionssuchascolloquialism,slang,andtaboowordsandexpressions.e.g.InformalwordsformalwordsleavedepartquitresigntiredfatiguedflunkfaillablaboratoryAcademicWritingStyleA.Academicwritingisformal.4)Useconcretewordsandexpressions,avoidvagueorimpreciseterms.Wordslikething,bitshouldbebanned.e.g.SeveralthingsmustbeborneinmindwhenevaluatingEFLtextbooks.SeveralpointsmustbeconsideredwhenevaluatingEFLtextbooks.AcademicWritingStyleB.Academicstyleisobjective.1)Avoidthefirstpersonpronoun“I”andthesecondpersonpronoun“you”.Ifthefirstpersonpronouncannotbeavoided,use“we”insteadof“I”,orusethirdpersonreference,like“thewriter,thepresentauthor,orthisauthor”.2)Whenexpressinganopinionorbelief,trytouseimpersonalconstructions.e.g.youcansee---itcanbeseenthatIbelieve---itiscommonlybelievedthatIhear---itissaidAcademicWritingStyleC.Academicstyleisconcise.1)Findthemostdirectwaytoexpresstheidea.Useasfewwordsaspossible.2)Avoidrepetitionofideas.3)Concentrateonthetopic.Anythingthatisirrelevantandunnecessary,nomatterhowwellwritten,shouldbedeleted.e.g.Weshouldexercisecentralizedcontroloverthemanagementofforeignexchangeandforeigndebtsandcentralizesuchpowerinthehandsofcentralauthorities.---Thepowertomanageforeignexchangeanddebtsshouldbeplacedinthehandsofcentralauthorities.AcademicWritingStyleD.Academicstyleisvaried.1)Useavarietyofwords,orsubstitutewithsynonyms,ordifferentforms.Avoidasmuchaspossiblerepetitionofthesamewords.2)Ifthereisaspecialwordthatmustberepeated,findwaystorefertoitwithoutrepeating,e.g.:theabove-mentionedpoint.3)Useavarietyofsentencestructures.Avoidoveruseofonefavoritestructureorlinkingwords.AcademicWritingStyleE.Academicstyleistentativeandcautious.1)Useaffirmativestructuresonlywhenthereiscompletecertainty.E.g.Itistruethat…ithasbeenprovedthat…2)Usetentativestructuresifthereisnocompletecertainty.Modalverbs,adverbs,andotherexpressionsoftenhelptoachievethispurpose.E.g.Itiscommonlyacceptedthat…Thereisevidencetosuggestthat….Theauthortendstobelievethat….AcademicWritingStyleF.Academicstyleiswell-linkedandconnected.1)Usesignalingdevicestoindicatewhatthenextsentencemightbe.E.g“besides,inaddition”toshowadditionalinformation;“ontheotherhand,however,whereas”toshowcontrast;“asaresult,consequently,therefore”toshowcauseandeffect;“forexample,forinstance”toshowexemplification.2)Introducedifferentsectionsclearly.3)Createlogicalconnectionsbetweensentencesandparagraphs.CharacteristicsofGoodAcademicWritingPreviouscriteria:Unity:allpartsorelementsofthewritingconstitutinganorganicandharmoniouswholeCoherence:allpartsorelementswellconnectedtoshowclearlogicalrelationsEmphasis:specialandsignificantstressgiventoimportantideasbymeansofposition,repetition,orotherindicationDevelopment:adequateelaborationandsufficientexpansionClarity:precise,concise,andlucidinstyleCharacteristicsofGoodAcademicWritingGoodwritinginvolvesthoughtfulrevision;Goodwritingisdirectedtowardanaudience;Goodwritingachievesaclearpurpose;toinform/toexplain/toimpactthereader’sbehavior/tochangetheirmindaboutsomethingcontroversialGoodwritingexpressesideasclearly;Goodwritingpulseswithcreativity.Thankyou~