基于单片机的小型家用燃气锅炉的温度控制

毕业设计专业：电气自动化班级学号：电气1101班—201103010110学生姓名：梁朝鑫指导教师：高立兵讲师二〇一四年三月甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院毕业设计基于单片机的小型家用燃气锅炉的温度控制Microcontroller-baseddesignoftheboilertemperaturecontrolsystem专业班级：电气1101班学生姓名：梁朝鑫指导教师：高立兵（讲师）系别：机电工程系2014年3月甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院2014届毕业论文摘要在对当前采暖需求情况广泛调查的基础上，结合工程实际需要，针对小型家用燃气锅炉的特点，研制开发了基于MCS-51单片机的小型家用燃气锅炉温度控制系统，旨在使用燃煤锅炉集中采暖时所遇到的锅炉温度不易控制，改进家庭采暖的控制方式，提高采暖的经济性。利用Protel99se电路设计软件，对智能控制器的电源电路、复位电路、时钟电路、报警电路、LCD液晶显示电路以及控制器的核心—温度采集电路进行了设计。电源采用三端集成稳压器W7800(W7900)系列元件7805,交流220v电压转换为单片机所需要的5V电压；利用AT89S51作为控制器的核心器件；利用集成电路温度传感器DS18B20测量锅炉水温;将测量的水温与设定值比较，单片机另外使用LCD液晶显示器显示水位的上下限值、当前水位、预先设定的温度报警值和当前采集的温度值。当温度超过设定的报警温度值，系统会发出报警声音，同时关闭锅炉燃烧器。等待温度降到下限值，这时就可以重新锅炉燃烧器通电，继续加温，如此反复监控温度。这样就可以节约能源，提高能源的使用率。针对系统的要求和特点，在上述硬件电路及实现方法的基础上，利用汇编语言，设计了基于单片机的锅炉温度控制系统。控制软件主要包括温度和温度采集子程序、水位控制程序、键盘扫描子程序和LCD液晶显示子程序等。通过对温度和水位的测试，可以发现所设计的控制系统能够满足设计要求，达到了预期的效果。关键词：单片机；LCD；燃气锅炉；温度控制；DS18B20甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院2014届毕业论文Microcontroller-baseddesignoftheboilertemperaturecontrolsystemABSTRACTAccordingtothemarketdemandandthecharacteristicsofdomesticheating,thispaperdevelopsMCUintelligencecontrollerfortheminorgas-firedboilerwhichisdomesticheatingequipmentonthebasisofinvestigationofheatingdemandwidely.Theresearchpurposeistochangetheinconvenienceoftemperaturecontrolbringbyusingcoalfiredboilerforcentralizedheating,toincreaseeconomicsofheating.ThesoftwarecalledProtel99seforcircuitdesignedisusedtodevelopthehardwareofthecontroller.Thehardwareincludesthepowersupplycircuit,theresetcircuit,theclockcircuit,thealarmcircuit,theLCDdisplaycircuit,andthetemperaturecollectionwhichisthecoreofthiscontroller.Thethree-pinintegrated-circuitvoltageregulatorW7800(7900)seriescomponent7805isusedforthepowersupply.TheAtmelAT89S51chipisthecorechipofthecontroller.TheintegratedtemperaturesensorDS18B20isusedtomeasurewatertemperatureinboiler.Thekeycircuitisusedtosetthealermtemperatureandanalogwaterinorout.Inaddition,LCDisusedtodisplaywaterlevelbound,currentwaterlevel,temperaturealermvaluebypresuppositionandcurrenttemperature.Whenwaterlevelbeyonditsboundorwhencurrenttemperaturebeyonditsalermvalue,thesystemgivesanalermandmakesboilerburneroff.Whenwatertemperatureisdown,thesystemreleasesalermandmakesboilerbureneron.Thesystemdoesitagainandagain.Sothesystemcansaveenergyandimproveenergyutilizationrate.Aimatthedemandandcharacteristicofthesystem,onthebasisofthesehardwareandimplementmethod,usingassemblelanguage,systemdesignsboilertemperaturecontrolsystemdesignbasedonsinglechip.Thissoftwareincludestemperatureandwaterlevelmonitormainprogram,temperaturecollectionsubprogram,analoywaterinandoutsubprogram,keyboardscansubprogram,LCDdisplaysubprogrametc.Usepracticalitytovalidatesystem’sdependabilityandstability,andthesystemcanoperatesuccessfully.Keywords:MCU;LiquidCrystalDisplay;Gasboiler;Temperaturecontrol;DS18B20目录1绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1课题背景及研究意义...........................................................................................11.2系统的总体设计思想...........................................................................................12系统方案论证及工作原理............................................................................................32.1设计方案论证......................................................................................................32.2系统结构框图......................................................................................................32.2.1主要器件的选择.........................................................................................42.2.2锅炉辅助器件选择....................................................................................53硬件电路设计...............................................................................................................63.1主电路.................................................................................................................63.2单片机选择设计..................................................................................................73.3单片机最小系统..................................................................................................83.3.1时钟电路设计.............................................................................................83.3.2复位电路....................................................................................................93.4温度检测电路设计及温度传感器选择................................................................93.4.1DS18B20简介............................................................................................93.4.2温度采集电路...........................................................................................113.5温度控制电路设计............................................................................................113.6水位控制电路....................................................................................................123.6显示电路设计....................................................................................................133.7报警电路设计................................................................................