第四版药学英语课后翻译(节选)

药学英语课后翻译OrganicChemistryTranslation1.没有化学的帮助，现代医学所取得的令人瞩目的进展是不可能的。Theremarkableadvancesmadeinmodernmedicinewouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheaidofchemistry.2.既然人体从本质上讲是一台化学机器，那么，有人体功能的化学知识对医生来说就显得至关重要了。Sincethebodyisessentiallyachemicalmachine,aknowledgeofthechemistryofbodilyfunctionsseemsessentialtothephysician.3.通过植物和动物生产食品涉及到分子中原子的重新排列问题。Theproductionoffoodbyplantsandanimalsinvolvestherearrangementofatomsinmolecules.4.幸运的是，很少有其他工作能像研究化学那样更能激励人们去取得成功。Fortunately,fewkindsofworkseemtourgepeopleontosuccessmoreeffectivelythandoesthepursuitofchemistry.5.迄今为止，寻求合成制品背后的动机便是祈盼以更少的钱为更多的人生产更好的东西。Sofarthemotivebehindthesearchforsyntheticshasbeenawishtoproducebetterthingsforlessmoney,andformorepeople.6.人们从活体分离出越来越多的纯净物质，并认识到它们都含有碳元素，这样便诞生了有机化学Isolationofincreasingnumbersofpurifiedmaterialsfromlivingformsandrecognitionofthefactthatallcontainedcarbongavebirthtoorganicchemistry.7.煤与氧结合在炉中燃烧，生成二氧化碳——一种在成分和化学性质上都不同于煤和氧的全新物质。Whencoalisburnedinafurnaceitcombineswithoxygentogivecarbondioxide,anewsubstancewithdifferentcompositionandpropertiesfromcoalandoxygen.8.许多特定的化学反应之所以重要，是由于它们耗用或提供能量。Manyspecificchemicalreactionsareimportantbecauseoftheenergywhichtheyuseorsupply.9.在有机化学学习中，学生希望用他们熟悉的符号构成二维或三维空间的分子结构式。Inthestudyoforganicchemistry,studentsareexpectedtousefamiliarsymbolswhichareconstructedintotwo-orthree-dimensionalmolecularformulas.10.从我们吃的食品、穿的衣服，到住的楼房，所有这些都在很大程度上被有机化学更新了。Fromthefoodweeat,theclothesweweartothebuildingswelivein,allhavebeenfashionedtoaconsiderableextentbyorganicchemistry.HerbalmedicineTranslation1.植物王国曾是人类唯一的药房，但你今天走进现代药店，植物用药已是踪影难寻。Theplantkingdomwasonceman’sonlypharmacy.Yetwhenyouenteramodernchemist’sshoptoday,youcanhardlyfindasignoftheuseofplantsinmedicine.2.今天，植物用作药品的数量虽然减少了，但许多片剂、胶囊、瓶装要药之中的有效化学物质却是源于植物王国Todaythenumberofplantsusedinmedicinehasdecreased,buthiddenawayinmanypills,capsules,andmedicinebottlesaretheactivechemicalsoriginallyfoundintheplantkingdom.3.植物所含有的化学物质有些可能有毒，有些可能是对我们极其有用的药物。Somechemicalswhichplantsmakemaybepoisonous,othersmaybechemicalsthatareextremelyvaluabletousasmedicines.4.自从人类来到地球的几百万年中，便一直在试验着生长在其周围的各种植物。Duringthemanythousandsofyearsthatmanhasbeenontheearth,hehasbeentryingoutvariousplantsthatgrewaroundhim.5.正统医学与草药施用着之间多年来存在着不信任、猜疑或敌意，这些正威胁着相互间建立良好工作关系的可能性。Therehasexistedformanyyearsmistrust,suspicionorhostilitybetweentheorthodoxandtheherbalpractitionerwhichthreatensthepossibilityofagoodworkingrelationship.6.一想到奎宁的疗效，植物药对医学所作出的巨大贡献便是再清楚不过了。Whenoneconsidersthetherapeuticimpactofquinine,itisevidenthowgreatisthedebtofmedicinetoplant-deriveddrugs.7.然而在过去几十年中，引入新的植物药的数量却明显地减少了。However,thepastfewdecadeshavewitnessedanobviousdiminutioninthenumberofplant-deriveddrugsintroducedintomedicine.8.祖国医药学遗产是一个取之不竭的新药宝库，它有待于我们用新的方法加以发掘。ThelegacyoftraditionalChinesemedicineisatreasurehousewithaninexhaustiblesupplyofnewpotentialdrugswhichistobeexploredwithanintroductionofnewapproaches.9.如果对长春花的研究不是引进药理学方法的话，长春新碱的发现恐怕要推迟好多年。HadpharmacologicalapproachesnotbeenintroducedintotheinvestigationofVincarosea,thediscoveryofvincalcukoblastinewouldhavebeenpostponedbymanyyears.10.西医很难相信一个对疾病机理一无所知的人却能治愈疾病Westernpractitionersfinditdifficulttobelievethatsomeonewhoknowsnothingofadiseasemechanismcouldstillbecapableofcuringit.NewDrugs1Translation1.以前，药物都是从天然植物和动物那儿提取的，治疗方法也是以传统经验为基础的。Formerly,drugswereextractedfromnaturalplantsandanimalsources,andtherapeuticusewasbasedontraditionalexperience.2.药物研制策略包括偶然发现、分子随机组合、有计划地研究某一特定化学成分的合成等方法。Drugdevelopmentstrategiesinvolveserendipity,molecularroulette,programmedbasicresearchwithsynthesisofspecificchemical,etc.3.Thoughit’sthemostsatisfyinginthedevelopmentofnewdrugs,theapproachisexpensiveandthereisnoguaranteeofsuccess.4.当某种药物被数百万人使用时，肯定会有不良反应出现，尽管具体到个人这种危险性并不大。Whenadrugisusedbymillions,therearecertaintobeadversereactionseventhoughtherisktoanyindividualissmall.5.Mostdrugshaveasafeupperlimitofdosage;beyondthistoxiceffectsmaybeexpectedtooccur.6.Penicillin,oneofthemostpowerfulkillersofbacteriawasdiscoveredquitebyaccidentbyAlexanderFleming.7.新药的药理学实验将确定该药在模型系统中是否具备人们期待的药理功能。Pharmacologicalexperimentonanewdrugdetermineswhetherthedrughasthedesiredprofileofactioninmodelsystem.8.Theincreaseinknowledgeofbiochemicalmechanismsresultsinamorerationalapproachtothedevelopmentofnewdrugs.9.Extensiveformaltoxicologicaltestsarerequiredbeforeanewdrugcanbeusedonpatients.10.现在，化学家和生物学家非常重视分子生物学和生化药理学等研究领域。Chemistsandbiologistshavenowattachedgreatimportancetosuchfieldofresearchasmolecularbiologyandbiochemicalpharmacology.NewDrugs2Translation1.Therationaleforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsshouldbeprovidebetterdrugs;betterinthesenseofbeingeithermoreeffective,saferorcheaper.2.Therepresentativeofthepharmaceuticalmanufacturerhasbeenspeciallytrainedtopromotehisparticularnewproduct.3.新药的临床评价必须在动物研究证明有效之后方可进行。Onlyafteranimalstudieshaveprovedefficacycanclinicalevaluationofnewdrugsbeundertaken.4.新药的人体评价可分为四个阶段，每个阶段都应在严格的监管下进行。Newdrugevaluationinmancanbedividedintofourphaseseachofwhichshouldbeconductedunderstrictsupervision.5.剂量范围的研究只能在志愿者身上进行，他们应了解试验的含义，并自愿接受试验。Adose-rangingstudyshouldonlybeperformedonvolunteerswhoar