悬架设计计算说明书

客车悬架系统设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊I毕业设计（论文）客车悬架系统设计计算说明书院系：长安大学汽车学院指导教师：张平专业班级：22010803学生姓名：杨文亮2012年6月18日客车悬架系统设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊II摘要目前我国的客车普遍采用的是传统钢板弹簧悬架，只有少数的高级客车才配置了空气悬架。传统钢板弹簧的结构简单，成本较低。而相对于传统机械钢板弹簧悬架而言，空气悬架具有乘坐更舒适、更好改善车辆的行驶平顺性等显著优点，但是造价也相对较高。本文针对客车的悬架设计，在传统钢板弹簧悬架的基础上对前悬进行改进，前悬采用钢板弹簧与空气弹簧并联的混合式空气悬架，而后悬采用主副复合式钢板弹簧悬架。前悬的混合式空气悬架能满足驾驶员舒适性的要求，而后悬架的主副复合式钢板弹簧降低了整车的生产成本。对前、后悬架的主要零部件的尺寸进行设计计算，并运用CATIA进行建模和装配。关键词混合式空气悬架，CATIA，主副复合式钢板弹簧悬架客车悬架系统设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊IIIABSTRACTAtpresent,busesgenerallyusethetraditionalleafspringsuspensioninourcountry,onlyahandfulofseniorbuseswasequippedwithairsuspension.Traditionalleafspringstructureissimpleandwithlowcost.Incontrasttotraditionalmechanicalleafspringsuspension,theairsuspensionhasmoresignificantadvantages,suchas,morecomfortabletoride,betterimprovementofthevehicleridecomfort.However,thecostisrelativelyhigh.Thispaperisaboutthebussuspensiondesign.toimprovethefrontsuspensiononthebasisofthetraditionalleafspringsuspension,frontsuspensionuseshybridairsuspensioncombinedparallelwithleafspringsandairsprings,andthenrearsuspensionusesprimaryandsecondarycompoundleafspringsuspension.thefrontairsuspensioncanmeettherequirementsofdrivercomfort,butleafspringintherearsuspensioncanreducethemanufacturingcost.Designandcalculatethesizeparametersofthemaincomponentsinthefrontandrearsuspension,andmodelingandassemblyinuseofCATIA.KEYWORDS:hybridairsuspension,catia,primaryandsecondarycompoundleafspringsuspension客车悬架系统设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊IV目录摘要....................................................................................................................................IIABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................III第一章绪论.......................................................................................................................11.1本课题研究的背景与意义......................................................................................11.2空气悬架技术发展概况..........................................................................................21.2.1空气悬架发展历史........................................................................................21.2.2国外应用及技术研究状况............................................................................31.2.3国内应用及技术研究状况............................................................................41.3本课题研究的目的和内容......................................................................................5目的：.....................................................................................................................5内容：.....................................................................................................................5第二章悬架概述及客车悬架方案的选定.......................................................................72.1客车悬架的要求.....................................................................................................72.2方案确定..................................................................................................................72.3空气悬架系统的特性.............................................................................................82.4悬架的分析.............................................................................................................82.5混合式空气悬架.....................................................................................................92.6前悬架混合式空气弹簧设计................................................................................112.6.1设计依据.....................................................................................................112.6.2设计原则......................................................................................................112.7空气弹簧的结构...................................................................................................112.8空气弹簧理论特性分析........................................................................................132.8.1空气弹簧的弹性特性..................................................................................132.8.2空气弹簧的负荷特性..................................................................................152.9辅助机构设计.......................................................................................................172.9.1横向稳定装置..............................................................................................172.9.2横向稳定杆侧倾角刚度.............................................................................172.9.3横向稳定杆直径d.......................................................................................172.9.4缓冲块..........................................................................................................18第三章后悬架复合式钢板弹簧设计...............................................................................193.1钢板弹簧的布置方案...........................................................................................19客车悬架系统设计┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊V3.2主副复合式钢板弹簧...................................