高中英语定语从句讲课用

TheAttributiveClause学习方法指导•⑴概念定义先行词关系词（关系代词和关系副词）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句•⑵引导词：关系代词和关系副词的区别•⑶关系代词的用法：•whose的用法•that，which的用法•⑷关系副词的用法•⑸介词+关系词引导的定语从句•⑹定语从句的主谓一致关于定语从句，学生需要掌握的内容：Ⅰ、概念：用来修饰名词或者代词起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词叫做关系词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。例如：SheisthegirlwhomIamlookingfor.先行词关系代词Thisisthevillagewhereshegrewup.先行词关系副词Ⅱ、引导定语从句的关系词:指代人who，whom，that指代事物which，that所属关系whose=then.+ofwhom\which指地点where指时间when指原因whyⅢ.选用关系词应注意什么？1)一般定语从句的结构是“先行词+关系代/副词+从句”。(牢固树立这一概念后，可减少很多不该出现的错误。)2)：选用关系代词，还是关系副词关键是：•如何选择关系词。(将先行词代入句子中，能够直接代入就能构成完整的句子用关系代词，不能直接代入需加介词才能构成完整的句子是关系副词）3)选用关系词,依据它在从句中所做的成分来确定：(1)关系代词(that，which，who，whom等)主要用作主语和宾语；(2)关系副词(when，where，why)主要用作状语；(3)作定语时用whose。•1）Thisisthevillage______Istayedlastyear.•2）Thisisthemountainvillage_______Ivisitedlastyear.wherethat/which3）a．May1istheday____I‘llneverforget．b．May1istheday____wespenttogether．c．May1istheday___Ijoinedthearmy．A．that/whichB．whenAAB指人指物主语宾语that★★★★which★★★who★★★whose+n★★定语…的whom★★Ⅳ.总结关系代词在从句中的作用：Ⅴ.whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.Thereare20studentsinthisclass,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhoseⅥ.定语从句中的关系副词有：when,where,why1.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Eg.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhich2.where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）Eg.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich3.why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词which）”。Eg.Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?forwhich用that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why填空:1.Thehouse_______________Iwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.2.Thethief_____________hadrobbedthemanwascaughtbythepoliceman.3.Heistheoldman__________________Mr.Lihelpedyesterday.4.Isawsometrees________leaveswereblackwithdisease.5.IknowMaryverywell_____motherisateacher.that/whichwho/thatwho/that/whomwhosewhose6.Theoffice________heworksisonthethirdfloor.7.IwasinBeijingontheday________hearrived.8.Isthatthereason__________youwerelateforschoolthismorning?whereinwhichwhenonwhichwhyforwhich思考：是不是当先行词是表示地点、时间、原因的名词时，引导词就用where,when,why?1.Iwillneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogetherinthebeautifulandquietvillages.2.Iwillneverforgetthedays_____westudiedinthehighschooltogether.A.whichB.whenBA总结：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于引导词在从句中充当的成份：做状语用关系副词，做主语，宾语，表语用关系代词3.Thisisthehouse______theylived5yearsago.4.Thisisthehouse______theysoldtome5yearsago.A.whereB.which5.Thisisthereason_____Bobgavemeforhisabsence.6.Thisisthereason_____Bobwasabsentfromyesterday’smeeting.A.whichB.whyABAB7.Doyouremembertheday____yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?A.whichB.onwhichC.aboutwhichD.不填B=when当作出判断选用关系副词时，关系副词可以换为相应的介词+关系代词：when可换成on/in/by/…+which;where可换成at/in/from/…+which;why可换成for+which1.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用thatⅦ.若判断用什么关系代词，则需注意在下面6种情况下只能用that引导：2.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom3.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat4.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it5.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it2.先行词为人和物的组合3.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时4.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰或先行词前thelast,thevery,theonly等时。5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。6.Sheisnolongerthegirl___sheusedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom6.先行词在定语从句中作表语时，用that．Ⅷ.掌握定语从句，还需掌握以下几点：1.根据实际需要，关系词前需要加适当的介词，即介词+关系词（1）介词+关系代词（先行词是人，介词+whom；先行词是物，介词+which）（2）介词+关系副词（比较常见的结构是：fromwhere）根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配Heistheman_____whomIthinkyoucandepend.关系代词前介词的确定：on2.主语和谓语一致:1）关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。•Theboywho_______（正站在门口）atthedoorismyson.isstanding•2）在oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。•Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveeverbeenwrittenonthesubject.•3）在“theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooksthathaseverbeenwrittenonthesubject.4）当先行词为case,point,situation,condition,stage,position等抽象名词时用where来引导定语从句，先行词为occasion时用when来引导定语从句Ⅸ.as引导定语从句，充当关系代词的用法：1)当先行词前面出现such,so,as,thesame时，定语从句用as引导：(1)Suchthingsashesaidareusuallyuntrue.(2)Ihaveneverreadsointerestingabookasyouhavetalkedabout.但是as在非限制性定语从句中，先行词是整个主句。Aswehavepointedout,fewpeoplearetotalwinnersorlosers.2）which和as的区别：which位置只能在主句后，它只能位于句中，而as可前可后，它可以置于句首或句中；as正如，which这一点。as的固定用法：•Asiswellknown,•Asweallknow,•Asoftenhappens,•Asisoftenthecase,（1）Theearth,asisknowntousall,turnsaroundthesun.（2）Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichmakeshiswifeangry.正如这一点1.Manychildren，parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.（09安徽）A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom2.—Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob？—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting(09北京）.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that3.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation______theycanseethemselvesdifferently(09福建）.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where（09海南）4.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these（09陕西）5.Gun