必修4unit2 working the land grammar方亚权

VerbdoingDoing为非谓语动词，由do+ing构成，充当1.主语2.宾语3.表语4.定语5.状语6.宾语补足语，起名词、形容词、副词作用。Doing表示主动、进行Done表示被动、完成1.Doing作主语Doing….+V+OInmanycountries,shakingheadsmeans“no”andnoddingheadsmeans“yes”.2.作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语）Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.IenjoylearningEnglish.(动词宾语）IamfondofwatchingTV.（介词宾语）以下动词须用doing做宾语enjoy,finish,suggest,appreciate,practice,try,risk,consider,miss,mind,delay,avoid,+doingneed,require,want+doing=needtobedonegiveup,can’thelp,lookforward,havetrouble….+doing3.作表语Thestoryisamusing.Thenewsisexciting.Thesituationisencouraging.Compare:doing&doneThechildrenareamused.Peopleareexcitedbythenews。Theboyisencouragedbythewords.4.作定语a.thelaughingaudience/anamusingstoryb.DustinHoffmanisfamousforhisroleactingasawoman.(短语后置）Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.CompareTheamusingplay=theplaythatisamusing.Thegirlsingingonthestage=Thegirlwhoissingingonthestage.aflyingkite-akitewhichisflying放飞的风筝therisingsun–thesunthatisrising在升起的太阳thedancinggirl-thegirlwhoisdancing在跳舞女孩thecomingweek–theweekthatiscoming下周Comparisonthefallingleaves-fallenleavestheshockingnews–theshockedpeople注：doingsth作定语相当于定语从句，表主动进行。完成被动注：done表示被动、完成。Step2.Theboywhoiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Step1.TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningHeisaclassmateofmine.Step3.Theboycomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Wrong:TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmineTherearesomepeoplearewaitingatthebusstop____5.Doing作宾语补足语。句中的谓语动词通常为a:感官动词，如：see,notice,watch,hear,listento,feel,observe,find+sb+doingWeheardthechildrensinginginherroom.Wewatchedthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.b.役使动词.表示“使”，“让”的意思。keepsbdoing保持..leavesbdoing使处于…getsb/sthdoing让做havesbdoing让…做..setsb/sthdoing…使…We’llsoonhaveyouwalkingagain.我们会不久让你重新走起来。Ileavethemachinerunningallday.我让机器整天运转着。MoreexamplesStep1.Peoplesawthepolice.Thepolicewerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（简单句）Step2.Peoplesawthepolicewhowerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（定语从句）Step3.Peoplesawthepolicebreakingthewindowwithahammer.(doing短语作宾补）6.状语，表时间、原因、结果、方式、伴随、让步、条件。Beingill,shewenthome.(原因）=Becauseshewasill,shewenthome.Heliedinthesofa,watchingTV.（伴随）=HeliedinthesofaandhewaswatchingTVThetreesfell,blockingtheroad.(结果）=Thetreesfellanditblockedtheroad.Hearingthenews,theboysjumpedwithjoy.=Whentheboysheardthenews,theyjumpedwithjoy.Doing的完成式：Havingdone=aftersbhas/haddone…Havingfinishedthework,theyhadarest.=Aftertheyhadfinishedthework,theyhadarest.(havingdone.完成式，表时间）Havingeatenthemeal,thebeggarstoodonhisheadandsangsongs.=Afterthebeggarhadeatenthemeal,hestoodonhisheadandsangsongs.否定式NotdoingShestoodatthetable,notknowingwhattodo.被动式BeingdoneHeneverreadsnewspaperswhilewalkingavoidbeingkilledbyacar.完成被动式HavingbeendoneHavingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tunderstand.逻辑主语one’sdoingDoyoumindmysmokinghere?Excusemeformybeinglate.Sheacceptedhisapologyforhisbeingrude.谢谢光临恳请赐教