定语从句专项讲解加练习

定语：用于修饰名词或代词Heisacleverboy.他是一个聪明的男孩。Heisaphysicsteacher.他是一个物理老师。AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。定语从句：由一个句子充当定语,即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句的位置：在修饰名词或代词后先行词：引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as关系副词when,where,why被定语从句修饰的名词或代词e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成分(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置关系代词appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.Theapplewhichisredissmall.Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.指人作主语作宾语作定语指物既指人也指物whothatwhomwhothatwhosethatwhichthatwhichwhosethatthatwhose作表语thatthatthat关系代词的指代关系whose指物时,可以与ofwhich调换关系代词作宾语可省略引导定语从句关系代词的用法：1)Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.2)Thenoodlesthat/whichIcookedweredelicious.3)Let’saskthemanthat/whoisreadingthebookoverthere.4)Thegirlwhom/who/thatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.(主语)(宾语)(主语)(宾语)指人whom/who/that都可作宾语，whom为最好选择5)That’sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.(定语)3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,that,whichorwhose.1.Theearthquake___________hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople__________losttheirhomesin1906earthquake.that/whichthat/whowhich/that6.Harryistheboy______motherisourmathsteacher.4.Ahouse__________isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninaearthquake.5.Luckilynoneofthepeople______________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.which/thatwho/whom/thatwhosewhose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：1.whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词That’sthechildwhosedrawingwelookedatjustnow.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.4.Whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替whose.指人不可whose+n=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.3.whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词(1)先行词是不定代词all,no,none,everyone,something,much,little等或被不定代词所修饰Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.Note(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。a.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.b.Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl(that)Ihaveeverseen.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoAnymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.Theoldcaristheonlything(that)heowned.Thisisthesamebook(that)Ilentyouyesterday.(3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。正是thesame…that…同一thesame…as…同样(4)先行词中指人又指物(5)若主句中有疑问代词which,whata.Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?b.WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?c.whatthatisonthetablebelongstoyou?当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoWangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？补充:若主句中有疑问代词who(指人)用that引导(6)关系代词在定语从句作表语时Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttotheuniversity.(7)在therebe句型中Thereisabookthatisonthetable.Thereisagirlwhoismysister.therebe句型中,先行词是人,关系代词用who,是物用that.(8)句中有两个定语从句时，第一个的关系代词已用了who或which,第二个定语从句的关系代词用that.OurEnglishteacheristhemanwhoistalkingwiththegirlthatisinred.1.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。2.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.which→that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或theonly,thevery等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。3.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。that4.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.当先行词为something,anything,everything,nothing,all等时,常由that引导定语从句。which→that或去掉which。•不用that的场合如下：•1）非限制性定语从句中•Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.•2）介词放在关系代词之前时•ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews•3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时•IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.1.Theman____Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy______fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.whowhomwhosewhose1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itABB4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewrittenBAA7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything___hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_____toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelong10.Thescientistandhisachievements______youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose11.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseBABBC指人时，一定要用“who”的：①先行词为those等不定代词Anyonewhodoesn’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.②主句为“Therebe”句型There’sastudentwhoisfromBeijing.③人称代词：he,me,we等HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.④非限制性定语从句中用who不用thatTom’sbrother,wholivesinLondon,isanengineer.Note⑤先行词后有一个较长的句子成分ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.wha