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在英语中,为了使句子简洁明快,突出重点,常用省略句,只要不影响句意的表达,能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见,大致可分为以下几种情况。一、句子成分的省略1.省略主语。如:Haven'tseenyouforages!好久不见了!2.省略谓语。如:(Isthere)Anythingyouwant?你要什么东西吗?(Does)Anybodyneedhelp?有人要帮忙吗?3.省略宾语。如:Idon‘tknow(whereheis).我不知道。4.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分),只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如:(I'm)AfraidIcan'tcome.恐怕我不能来了。(Haveyou)Gotanyink?你有墨水吗?【高考链接】-It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.-_________herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit解析:答案为A。本题考察省略结构,这里whynotvisit=Whydidn’tyouvisit,这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题,其实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确的A答案。二、复合句的省略1.在含有状语从句的复合句中由when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句;或由if,unless引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句;由asthough,asif,as引导的方式状语从句;由because引导的原因状语从句;由wherever引导的地点状语从句,若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。When(shewas)asked,shedidn’tansweraword.Watercanbechangedintovaporif(itis)heated.When(youare)working,youmustpayattention.Wemaytryagainwhen(itis)necessary.【高考链接】Weallknowthat,__________,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith解析:答案为B。本题考查状语从句的省略问题,即根据本句完整句子应该补充为:if(itis)notcarefullydealtwith,当然,现在的语言中,已经把这种省略形式固定化了即:ifnot.2.在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在以thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;theway后面的定语从句中,可以省略that,inwhich。Allyoueverwanttodoisgoingshopping.Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.【高考链接】—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there'sonepoint_____wemustinsistonA.whyB.whereC.howD./答案为D。有一点(point)我们必须要坚持的。先行词point在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词that省略,故答案为D。3.宾语从句的省略。如:Tomhasgonehome,butIdon'tknowwhy(hehasgonehome).Iheard(that)hehadgoneabroad.【高考链接】Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where解析:答案为B。that引导并列的宾语从句,Having前省去that,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略第一个that,第二个that一般不能省。在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如:HeteachesEnglishandhisbrothermaths.Wehavebeenwaitingforhertocomebacktoseeus,but(wehavebeenwaiting)invain.【高考链接】Hehasmadealotoffilms,but____goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many解析:答案为C。他制作了很多电影,但是好的很少。But引导的并列句子进行了省略butfewgoodones=buthemadefewgoodones.三、并列句的省略So+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念,即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物,意思是“同样”、“也那样”,常理解为倒装结构。如:Theboydiedandaweeklater.Sodidhissister.I’manEnglishteacher,soismywife.【高考链接】-Myroomgetsverycoldatnight-___________.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes解析:答案为C。在两个答句中,当两者(人或物)情况或意思完全相同,第二个分句用so引出时,出现省略现象,还可引起倒装结构,表示也……。本句子的意思:“我的房子晚上很冷”。“我的也是”。Sodoesmine相当于Myroomgetsverycoldatnight,too.四、肯定结构注意:有时可用so代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内容,可以用于这类结构的动词有think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,hope等.肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”,否定回答结构为“主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so”或“主语+动词+not”。但动词为hope,guess时,否定回答只能说hope(guess)not,不能说don‘thope(guess)so。-Itissunnytoday.-Soitis.(=It’sreallysunnytoday.)【高考链接】-Willyoubeabletofinishyourrespecttoday?-___.A.IlikeitB.IhopesoC.I’lldosoD.I’dloveit解析:答案为B。考查情景对话。句意为“希望如此”。五、在否定结构中由nor,neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句,这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的,而且主谓用倒装。例如:-Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!-NeitherwouldI.我也不去了。【高考链接】IfJoe'swifewon'tgototheparty,_______.A.hewilleitherB.neitherwillheC.heneitherwillD.eitherhewill解析:答案为B。如果Joe的妻子不去舞会的话,Joe也不会去。neither引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句而且主谓用倒装,这里nitherhewill相当于hewillnotgotoparty,neither。六、不定式的省略1.在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,lookat,listento等感观动词及使役动词let,make,have后的宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,不定式符号to须省略,但这类结构变成被动语态时,其后的不定式要还原加上to。如:Ihaven'ttoldyouthatmyfamilymadealotofmoneyinthenineteenthcenturybymakingchildrenwork16hoursadayintheirfactories.Thechildrenweremadetoworkmorethan16hoursaday.【高考链接】-Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?-Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing解析:答案为A。havesb.dosth.结构中,不定式结构todo省略to.故本句的结构应是:I’llhaveBobshowyoutoyourroom.2.系动词(be)+形容词,即beafraid/ready/glad/happy/willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复,常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容,只保留不定式符号,例如:-Couldyougoshoppingwithme?-I'mgladto(goshoppingwithyou).【高考链接】-I‘llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall.______.A.I’venotimeB.I‘drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I‘llbehappyto解析:正确答案是D.to后省略了lookafteryourcat。3.mean,try,want,wouldlike,wouldlove,afford等后面接不定式时:-Didyougetaticket?-No,Imeantto(getone),butthereweren'tanyleft【高考链接】-Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?-I_______tobutIforgotaboutit.A.likedB.wishedC.meantD.expected解析:这道题的难度较大,因为like,wish,expect和mean都可以后接动词不定式作宾语。但是从提供的情景分析,是打算买而没有买,应填meant。meantodosth.的意思是“打算做某事”;meandoingsth.的意思是“意味着”。这句话的意思是“我本打算去买,但我忘了。”,故答案为C。4.tell,warn,order,advise,ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时:Thestudentswanttoenterthelab,butthemonitoradvisesthemnotto(enterthelab).【高考链接】Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto解析:正确答案是A.to后省略了ridehisbicycleinthestreet.演练1.Whenfirst__B____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen___C___atthemeetingbymyboss.A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobeque
本文标题:高考英语省略句用法课件
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