高考英语一轮复习 语法突破 专题八 情态动词课件1

第二部分基础语法突破专题八情态动词情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。主要用法典型例句can/could表能力“能，会”Icananswerthequestion.我能回答这个问题。表请求“能，可以”Canyouhelpmewithit？能帮我弄这个吗？表允许“能，可以”CanIreadyournewspaper？我能看看你的报纸吗？提建议“可以”YoucanaskMr.Liaboutit.这件事你可以问问李先生。may/might表允许Youmaycomeifyouwish.你愿意来可以来。表可能ThiscoatmaybePeter's.这件大衣可能是彼得的。表祝愿Mayyousucceed！祝你成功！must表必要，“必须”Imuststudyhard.我必须努力学习。表坚持，“偏要，非要”Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？你就非得弄出这么大声吗？表不可避免，“必定会”Allmenmustdie.人总有一死。shall在疑问句中征求意见(主语是第一、三人称)Shallwebeginnow？我们现在开始，好吗？Shallhewaitforyououtside？要不要他在外面等你？表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告等Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.你过生日一定有件新衣。(主语是第二、三人称)表示强制，意为“必须，应该”Eachcompetitorshallwearanumber.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(在法令、规章中)should表示责任或义务Heshouldworkharder.他应该更加努力。(意为：应该，应当)表示推断“可能，该”Heshouldarrivesoon.他可能很快就到了。(＝willprobably)表示“竟然”It'sstrangethatheshouldbelate.真奇怪，他竟会迟到。表示不感兴趣，惊讶HowshouldIknow？我怎么知道呢？will/would表示愿意Hewilltakeyouhome.他愿意送你回家。表示请求Will/Wouldyougowithme？你愿意和我一起去吗？表示真理“总是”Oilwillfloatonwater.油总是浮在水面上。表示过去的习惯Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.他住乡下时总是早起。表示要求“一定”Youwillreporttomeafterward.你稍后一定要向我报告。need表示必要性。一般用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。Needwestaytherethisevening？今晚我们有必要待在那里吗？Youneedn'thurry.Youhaveenoughtime.你不必着急。你有足够的时间。needn'thavedone表示做了过去没有必要做的事情，白白浪费了精力。Ineedn'thavegonetotheofficeyesterday.昨天我没必要去办公室。need含有情态动词need的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto—NeedIfinishmyworktoday？我有必要今天把工作做完吗？—Yes，youmust.No，youneedn't/don'thaveto.是的，你必须做完。/不，你不必。1．can与beableto的区别(1)can只有一般现在时和一般过去时；而beableto则有更多的时态，如将来时、完成时等。IknewIcouldn'taffordtherent.我知道我付不起租金。I'msorryIhaven'tbeenabletoansweryourletterintime.真对不起，我没能及时地给你回信。(2)在过去时态的句子中，could仅表示具备能力，不说明是否实施了能力；而beableto侧重有能力且经过努力而成功做到了某事。Mozartcouldplaythepianoattheageof3.莫扎特在3岁时就会弹钢琴了。HewasabletofleetoEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.战争爆发前他成功地逃到了欧洲。2．must与haveto的区别表示“必须”时，must表示主观看法；haveto表示客观需要。must的否定式表示“禁止，不许”；haveto的否定式相当于needn't，意为“不必”。Imustfinishmyhomeworkfirst.我必须先完成作业。Motherisout，soIhavetolookaftermysister.妈妈不在家，因此我不得不照看妹妹。Youmustn'tplaywithfire.你不许玩火。Theydon'thavetobuycellphonesatpresent.他们目前没有必要买手机。3．oughtto的否定式是在ought后直接加not，疑问式是将ought提至主语前。Heoughtnottoleavesolate.他不应该那么晚离开。—Oughthetogonow？他应该现在就走吗？—Yes，heoughtto.是的，应该。4．表示推测的情态动词有must，will，would，oughtto，should，can，could，may和might等。情态动词表示推测时的强弱程度如下所示：(1)表示肯定推测时，must＞will＞would＞oughtto＞should＞can＞could＞may＞might。Sheiswearingalongface.Shemustbeangry.她脸拉得很长，准是生气了。Idon'tknowherwell.Shemaybeanurse.我对她不大了解，她可能是个护士。(2)表示否定推测时，can't/couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”；maynot/mightnot语气最弱，意为“可能不”。Youcouldn'thaveleftthecellphoneonthebus.Irememberedthatyousentmessagesafteryougotoffthebus.你不可能把手机落在公交车上了。我记得你下车后发过短信。Youmayberightormaynotberight.你可能对也可能不对。一、基础过关Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空1．AlthoughSusanisusuallyeasy-going,she________besometimesquiteannoying.2．Don'tinterruptme,Kevin.________youforcemetotellyouthetruthrightnow?3．—Daddy,canyoubuymeanewiPadwhenyougotoBeijing?—You________getoneifyouareadmittedtoakeymiddleschool.4．ItisunfairthatsoniceapersonlikeJenny________loseherjob.5．Curiousabouttheworldaroundhim,myson________askmeendlessquestionswhenhewasyoung.6．Thoughitwasabigfire,allthepeople________________________escape.7．You________buytheTVguidefornextweek.Ihavealreadyboughtacopy.8．Theroomisinaterriblemess；it________havebeencleaned.9．Childrenabove8yearsofageinourcountry________beleftathomewithoutgoingtoschool,ortheirparentswillbecharged.10．You________havethebookassoonasIfinishreadingit.11．Mark________havehurriedsincehearrivedhalfanhourearly.12．Oftenhe________sitforhoursdoingnothingatallwhenhewasinlowspirits.13．Ifyou________spit，pleasespitinthebucketprovided.14．—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?—No，he________not.15．ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch，butit________berathercoldsometimes.答案：1.can2.Must3.shall4.should5.would6．wereableto7.needn't8.can't/couldn't9．mustn't10.shall11.needn't12.would13．must14.need15.canⅡ.单句改错1．Everybodywillcometothisschool，regardlessofclass，raceorsex.________2．Jackmusthavebeenangry.Icouldn'treallytellifhewasannoyedortired.________3．—Don'tyouunderstandthatyouwillnotmakenoiseinaplacelikethis?—Sorry，it'sreallymyfault.________4．WhenIwasasmallchild，mymotherwilltakemetothegardennearbytoenjoythecoolwindonsummerevenings.________5．Don'tletyourheadoutofamovingcar，whichwillleadtoaterribleaccident.________6．Mariewitnessedeverythingbutitisamazingthatshemayhavesaidnothingaboutthemurder.________7．Mr.Wangshallhavethoughtthecarwasworththemoneypaid，orhewouldnothavespentsomuchmoneyonsuchanexpensivesportscar.________8．—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—Youcan't.I'mnotaskingyouforit.________9．—Letmepayforthemealthistime，John.—Ifyoucouldpaythistime，Iwilldonexttime.________10．—Ihadabigfightwithmyparentsyesterday.—Youshouldbesorryforitoneday，Itellyou.________答案：1.will改为can2．must改为might3．will改为must4．will改为would5．will改为can6．may改为should7．shall改为must8．can't改为needn't9．could改为can10．should改为shall二、高分突破从下面方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空can，could，may，might，must，shall，should，will，would，need1．—________ISmokeinthisroom?—No，youmust't.2．—Sorry，Mum！Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh，it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.3．You________becarefulwit