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高三英语科备课小组集体备课备课老师:米仙珠陈凤英定语从句专项讲练一.概念:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。定语从句分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。二.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。三.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。四.关系词的选用(1)关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。关系词一共有九个,它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。关系词主语宾语表语定语状语说明that人/物人/物√×√不能用于非限定性从句which物物××√who人××××whom×人×××whose×××人/物×when××××√where××××√why××××√as主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as,thesame…as,as…as,结构中。1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生是你们在公车上谈论的那个人LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4.That指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到封来自澳大利亚的信5.Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?6.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。7.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。8.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如:①那就是他工作的大学。atwhichheworks.whichheworksat.Thatisthecollegewhereheworks.thatheworksat.heworksat.②它出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。onwhichhewasbornwhichhewasbornonThedaywhenhewasbornwasAug.20,1952.thathewasbornonhewasbornon五.关系词的选用(2)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如:HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。如:ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如:WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如:Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身?6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的驴。●way后面的定语从句,引导定语从句有三种情况:a.在比较正式的文体中用inwhich;b.一般情况下用that;c.inwhich和that省去。a.Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.b.Linconeaskedthepeopletothinkofslaveryinthewaythatthesemendid.c.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.●“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意:1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookf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