语言学练习题

Chapter1IntroductionstoLinguisticsI.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1.BLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community2.AWhichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang3.CThefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative4.CInChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational5.CWhichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness6.BStudythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?—Aniceday,isn’tit?—Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal7.A__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole8.CWhenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality9.A__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics10.C__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.A.LinguistictheoryB.PracticallinguisticsC.AppliedlinguisticsD.ComparativelinguisticsII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)11.FLanguageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.12.FLanguagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.13.TSpeakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.FLanguageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.15.FWewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.16.FOnlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.17.FF.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.18.FAstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.19.FSpeechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.20.FAllthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.III.Fillintheblanks.(10%)21.verbalLanguage,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.22.productivityInanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.23.metalingualfunctionLanguagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.24.yo-he-hoTheorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.25.scientificLinguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.26.descriptiveModernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.27.speechOnegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.28.diachroniclinguisticThedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.29.langueSaussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.30.competenceLinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.Chapter2SpeechSoundsI.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)1.APitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice2.CConventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme3.DAnaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones4.ATheopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula5.AThediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering6.DAphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones7.BWhichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?A.AcousticphoneticsB.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove8.AWhichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]9.BWhichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i:]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]10.BWhatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.ConsonantII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)11.TSuprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.12.TTheairstreamprovidedbythelungshastou