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现在完成时Thepresentperfecttense现在完成时的结构:have/has+done助动词过去分词have:第一、二人称及复数规则动词has:第三人称单数不规则动词主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语目录havegoneto/havebeento课堂练习现在完成时的用法现在完成时与一般过去时的区别比较havebeento和havegonetoHehasgonetotheUnitedStates.他(已经)去美国了。HehasbeentotheUnitedStates.他(曾经)去过美国。比较havebeento和havegoneto词组含义搭配havegoneto到某地去了,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场。/havebeento曾经去过某地,现在已经不在那里了。just,ever,neverhavebeenin在某地待多长时间since,for,howlonghavebeento和havegoneto的对比练习1.Krystalhas______toShanghai.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.nevergoneC.wentD.gone2.--Hello,thisisMr.Smith.CanispeaktoMr.Green?--Sorry,He______theWestLake.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto3.--______youever______toGermany?--Yes,twice.A.have,goneB.have,beenC.Do,goD.were,going4.Mysisterandihave______Hangzhouforthreeyears.A.beeninB.beentoC.gonetoD.gonein现在完成时的用法1.现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果和影响。汉语中常用“已经”“过”“了”等表达,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just,already,yet,before,never,ever,twotimes等状语连用。例如:现在完成时的用法•Mymotherhasjustgoneout.我母上大人刚出去。•I'msurewe'vemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面•Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?你牛奶挤了没?•Ihaveneverheardthatbefore.我从来没听说过啊提到现在完成时你还能想到其他单词吗?现在完成时的用法2.表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如:recently,lately,for...since等。如:Ihaven'tseenyourecently.最近没怎么见到你耶Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了MydogKikihasbeenwithourfamilysinceIwas16.我狗狗琪琪从我16岁的时候就跟我们在一起了since和for的区别注:since和for的区别•since后+时间点,如:2001,yesterday,lastweek,thetimeigotthere,November等表示”自从”•for后+一段时间,表示“长达多久”如tenyears.threedays,awhile等for和since对比联系1.TimhasbeeninBritish______Monday.2.TomhasbeeninBritish______twoweeks.3.HersisterhaslivedinAustralia______threeyears4.Elizabethisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o’clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thetrainislate.Ihavebeenwaiting______30minutes.7.Michaelhasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______December.sinceforforsincesinceforforsince注意:表示短暂性的动词如arrive,leave,buy,burrow,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示时间的状语连用(不能和since,for,howlong连用)TrueorFalse?•Hehascomeherefortwoyears.F•Theoldmanhasdiedforfivemonths.F•Theyhaveleftonlyforthreeminutes.F请把以上三个句子改正确•Hehasbeenherefortwoyears.•Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.•Theyhavebeenoutonlyforthreeminutes.•注意:现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastmonth,in1988,justnow,fourdaysagoTrueorFalseTimhaswrittenalettertohispenpallastnight.FTimwrotealettertohispenpallastnight.T一般过去时现在完成时和一般过去时的比较1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响,强调影响。试比较下列对话--IwanttoseethefilmDoraemontonight,willyougowithme?--I’dliketo,butIhaveseenitwithmymother.--Well,ok.Whendidyouseeit?--Isawthefilmlastweekend.现在完成时和一般过去时的比较2.一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,…ago,inJune,in1980,justnow…---具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,recently,yet,just,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears…….---模糊的时间状语现在完成时和一般过去时的比较3.现在完成可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,study,learn,work,know等;一般过去时常用的非延续性动词有come,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。试比较下列句子•Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)•Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.(在部队里的状态可延续)•Hehasbeenanarmymemberforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.(是部队一员的状态可延续)课堂练习()1.–Wherehaveyou______thesedays?--Ihave______toLijiangwithmyfriends.A.been,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.gone,gone()2.Howlonghave______youthisbook?A.boughtB.borrowC.hadD.lent()3.—Excuseme,______youseenthefilmyet?--Yes,I______itlastnight.A.have,seeB.have,haveseenC.have,seenD.have,saw()4.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,______?A.IsheB.isn’theC.hasn’theD.hashe1.Sallytookaphotoofherfriendswhilethey______computergames.A.playB.areplayingC.haveplayedD.wereplaying2.ThelasttimeI______tothecinemawastwoyearsago.A.goB.havegoneC.havebeenD.went3.Mark______inChinafortenyearsandnowheteachesChineseinBritain.(A.hasworkedB.workedC.hadworkedD.isworkingThanks
本文标题:初中英语现在完成时
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