生理学专业英语词汇

[键入文字]第一章绪论【专业英语词汇】生理学physiology内环境internalenvironment神经调节nervousregulation体液调节humoralregulation旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation正反馈positivefeedback组织液interstitialfluid稳态homeostasis反射弧reflexarc激素hormone神经分泌neurosecretion,neurocrine负反馈negativefeedback前馈feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】单纯扩散simplediffusion失活inactivation钠-钾泵sodium-potassiumpump入胞endocytosis易化扩散facilitateddiffusion主动转运activetransport出胞exocytosis化学门控通道chemicallygatedchannel跨膜信号转导transmembranesignaltransduction电压门控通道voltage-gatedchannel促离子型受体ionotrpicreceptor鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G-蛋白guanineuncleotide-bindingprotein,G-protein环一磷酸腺苷cycleadenosinemonophosphate,cAMP第二信使secondmessenger三磷酸肌醇inositoltriphosphate,IP3G-蛋白耦联受体G-proteincoupledreceptor酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosinekinasereceptor兴奋性excitability刺激stimulus阈值threshold动作电位actionpotential超极化hyperpolarization复极化repolarization锋电位spikepotential膜片钳patchclamp相对不应期relativerefractoryperiod局部兴奋localexcitation时间性总和temporalsummation跳跃式传导saltatoryconduction终板电位end-platepotential胆碱酯酶cholinesterase滑行理论slidingtheory等长收缩isometriccontraction完全强直收缩completetetanus后负荷afterload长度-张力曲线length-tensioncurve磷脂酶CphospholipaseC二酰甘油diacylglycerol,DG促代谢型受体metabotropicreceptor一氧化氮nitricoxide,NO兴奋excitation阈强度thresholdintensity静息电位restingpotential极化polarization去极化(除极化)depolarization超射overshoot(potential)“全或无”现象“allornone”phenomenon绝对不应期absoluterefractoryperiod阈电位threshold(membrane)potential电紧张性扩布electrotonicpropagation空间性总和spatialsummation量子式释放quantalrelease乙酰胆碱acetylcholine,ACh兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contractioncoupling等张收缩isotoniccontraction单收缩singletwitch前负荷preload初长度initiallength(肌肉)收缩能力contractility(ofmuscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线forcevelocity(relation)curve钙调蛋白calmodulin,CaM七队生理资料1第三章血液【专业英语词汇】血浆plasma粘滞性viscosity胶体渗透压colloidosmoticpressure造血微环境hemopoieticmicroenvironment血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystalosmoticpressure渗透脆性osmoticfragility悬浮稳定性suspensionstability红细胞沉降率erythrocytesedimentationrate,ESR集落刺激因子colonystimulatingfactor,CSF内因子intrinsicfactor促红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO血小板粘附thrombocyteadhesion血栓烷A2(血栓素A2)thromboxaneA2,TXA2血液凝固bloodcoagulation凝血因子bloodclottingfactor外源性凝血extrinsiccoagulation纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolyticsystem爆式促进因子burstpromotingactvator,BPA肝素heparin生理性止血physiologicalhemostasis血小板聚集thrombocyteaggregation前列环素prostacyclin,PGI2血清serum内源性凝血intrinsiccoagulation凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物tissuefactorpathwayinhibitor,TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素)plasmin(红细胞)凝集agglutination凝集素agglutinin交叉配血试验cross-matchtest血型bloodgroup凝集原agglutinogen人白细胞抗原humanleukocyteantigen,HLA成分输血transfusionofbloodcomponents第四章血液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiaccycle心室舒张期ventriculardiastole快速射血期rapidejectionperiod心音cardiacsound每搏输出量(搏出量)strokevolumeoutput心输出量cardiacoutput心房收缩期atrialsystole等容收缩期isovolumicsystole减慢充盈期reducedfillingperiod心音图phonocardiogram射血分数ejectionfraction心指数cardiacindex七队生理资料2心脏作功(量)myocardialwork心力储备cardiacreserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effectiverefractoryperiod代偿间歇compensatorypause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ectopicrhythm超速驱动压抑overdrivesuppression心电图electrocardiogram,ECG阻力血管resistantvessel容量血管capacitancevessel血流量bloodflow血流速度velocityofbloodflow顺应性compliance收缩压systolicpressure脉搏压(脉压)pulsepressure中心静脉压centralvenouspressure微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfarechannel迂回通路circuitouschannel重吸收reabsorption缩血管神经纤维vasoconstrictorfiber心血管中枢cardiovascularcenter压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonaryreceptor化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器brainosmoreceptor心室功能曲线ventricularfunctioncurve自动节律性(自律性)autorhythmicity平台(期)plateau期前收缩prematuresystole起搏离子流pacemakercurrent窦性心律(normal)sinusrhythm抢先占领capture,preoccupation房-室延搁atrioventriculardelay弹性储器血管windkesselvessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillaryresistantvessel短路血管shuntvessel血压bloodpressure外周阻力peripheralresistance舒张压diastolicpressure动脉脉搏arterialpulse静脉回心血量venousreturn毛细血管前括约肌precapillarysphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenousshunt滤过filtration有效滤过压effctivefiltrationpressure,EFP舒血管神经纤维vasodilatorfiber压力感受性反射baroreceptorreflex缓冲神经buffernerve容量感受器volumereceptor防御反应defencereaction肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensinsystem循环系统平均充盈压meancirculatoryfillingpressure血管紧张素转换酶angiotensin-convertingenzyme,ACE肾上腺素epinephrine,E,oradrenalone,A去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine,NE,ornoradrenalone,NA血管升压素(抗利尿激素)vasopressin,VP(antidiuretichormone,ADH)血管活性肠肽vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide,VIP内皮舒张因子endothelium-derivedrelaxingfactor,EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derivedvasoconstrictorfactor,EDRF激肽释放酶-激肽系统kallikrein-kininsystem血管舒张素kalidin前列腺素prostaglandin,PG冠脉循环coronarycirculation血-脑屏障blood-brainbarrier,BBB缓激肽bradykinin心房钠尿肽atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANP组胺histamine腺苷adenosine血-脑脊液屏障blood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier第五章呼吸【专业英语名词】七队生理资料3呼吸respiration吸气inspiration腹式呼吸abdominalbreathing平静呼吸eupn(o)ea,orquietbreathing呼吸困难dysp(o)nea气胸pneumothorax比顺应性specificcompliance气道阻力airwayresistance肺通气pulmonaryventilation呼气expiration胸式呼吸thoracicbreathing用力呼吸forcedbreathing肺内压intrapulmonarypressure胸膜腔内压intrapleuralpressure肺表面活性物质pulmonarysurfactant潮气量tidalvolume,TV补吸气量(吸气储备量)inspiratoryreservevolume,IRV补呼气量(呼气储备量)exspiratoryreservevolume,ERV功能残气量(功能余气量)functionalresidualcapacity,FRC残气量(余气量)residualvolume,RV肺活量vitalcapacity,VC时间肺活量timedvitalcapacity肺总量totallungcapacity,TLC解剖无效腔anatomicaldeadspace肺泡通气量alv