todo-课件

不定式由“to+do(动词原形)”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作几乎同时.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(动词不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.=seeingisbelieving.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Itisunwisetogivethechildwhateverhewants.Itisnotagoodhabittostayuplate.It+be+n+to+do+sthIt+be+adj+for+sb+todosthItbeadj(人品格的adj)ofsbtodosthIttakesbsometimetodosthItseems/appears/looksadjtodosthExercise1.Itiskindofyou_____(give)meahand.2.__isdifficult___youtolearnallsubjectswell.3.Ittakesmethreehours____(finish)thetask.4.Itseems_____(difficulty)tocompletethetaskintime.togiveItfortofinishdifficultMyjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.Myworkistolookafterthepatient.isis(2).表语Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/find/make/feel/believeit+adj/n.+todo/doing/that从句常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan,want.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force.encourage等e.g.Isawhimdohiswork.Hewasseentodohiswork(byme).注意tellsbtodosthencouragesbtodosthasksbtodosth/warnsbtodosth/allowsbtodosth2see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to）seesbdo→sbbeseentodosthseesbdoing1.Hewasmade_________.A.goB.goneC.goingD.togo2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.A.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingB.cry；cryD.tocry；cry3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.注意例外：can’tchoosebutdo(不得不),can’thelpbutdo,can’tbutdoAsacommonpeople,wecan’tchoosebutworkhard.Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.1.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.•makefriendwithB.makefriendsofC.makefriendsD.makefriendswith2.Theassistantworksveryhard.Sheisalwaysthefirst_____andthelast_____.A.come,leaveB.coming,leavingC.tocome,toleaveD.tocome,leaving•解析：由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语。再如：•Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.•Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl____(live)inthevillage,tolive注意.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Ihavemanythingstodo,soImustleavenow.Iturnonthewashingmachine,sodoyouhavesomethingtobewashed?(6).作状语不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）不定式作目的状语：不定式用作目的状语时，其句意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用“为了”来表示。Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavethelifeoftheinjuredman.不定式作结果状语onlyto,enoughto,too…to,nevertoThattoolistooheavytoliftdirectlyThetemperatureishighenoughtochangewaterintosteam．Hewenthome,onlytofindthedooropenandeverythingwasgone.Heleft,nevertocomeback.注意doing做结果状语，表意料中的结果，todo做结果状语表意料之外的结果Heworkedhardallthetime,succeedingatlast.Hegotthestationhurriedly,onlytofindthathewaslate.（2005.福建卷）—Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?—Sure,______itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get（2005.广东卷）—Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound（2005.重庆卷）Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having(7)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Idon’twheretogo.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：•在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?注意D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。need/want/requiresthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做达标练习1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.1.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou_________(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.2.After__________(think)everythingover,shedecided_______________(notgive)up..3.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeverythingseems_____________(go)onsmoothly.toadaptthinkingnottogivetobegoing4.Itmightbebetter__________(try)______________(discuss)inhisownlanguageasheisn’tusedto_____________(speak)inEnglishyet.5._________(see)fromthehilltop,thelakeisextremelybeautiful.6.Ifyoucouldn’tgetanything_________(open)thebeerbottlewith,whynot________(try)__________(open)itwithyourteeth.7.WhenIopenthedoorInoticedsomeone_________(sit)byherside____________(talk)withher.totrydiscussin