中考英语被动语态复习3

Passivevoice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+Vp.p(动词的过去分词）1)be动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化am/is/are+V(过去分词）was/were+V(过去分词）willbe+V(过去分词）情态动词+be+V(过去分词）1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogoneHeplantstreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youareinvitedtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V(原形)/V(e)sam/is/are+Vpp一般过去时V-ed/madewas/were+Vpp一般将来时will+V(原形)will+be+Vpp含情态动词情态动词+V(原形)情态动词+be+Vpp各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+P.PS+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+am/is/are+being+P.P.S+have/has+been+P.P.S+was/were+being+P.P.何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken14.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem1)Teenagersshould_____(allow)togooutatnight.2)Thetelephone_____(invent)byBell.3)English____(speak)inChina.4)Thecar____(make)inChina.5)Theroommust_____(clean)everyday.beallowedwasinventedisspokenismadebecleaned()Theflowers____everyday,orthey’lldie.AmustwaterBcanbewateredCshouldwaterDmustbewatered()Manycomputerswill___toourschool.AbebringBbebroughtCbring4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词1.Bikesaremadeofmetal.2.Myshirtisboughtbymymother.3.Thebridgewasbuiltin1951.4.Theworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.5.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtosmoke6.Theflowersmustbewateredeveryday.《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》：“赵王窃闻秦王善为秦声，请奏盆缻秦王，以相娱乐。”王羲之《兰亭序》：“足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。”宋叶适《东塘处士墓志铭》：“既苦志不酬，右书左琴以善娱乐。”；《古今小说·李公子救蛇获称心》：“李元在前曾应举不第，近日琴书意懒，止游山玩水，以自娱乐。”明冯梦龙《东周列国志》第五十一回：“主公既有高台广囿，以为寝处之所，何不多选良家女子，充牣其中，使明师教之歌舞。以备娱乐，岂不美哉？”叶圣陶《倪焕之》十三：“又有什么可爱的议论音乐一般娱乐别人的心神么？”也有，只轮不着我们罢了。”“你我倒也算了，老板——”“嘘！”很怕蝶宵华听见了伤心，偷眼看他，他端坐鞍上，双目微阖，竟似僧人入定了。苏家，全凭苏小横在，才安定下来。明柯逃跑了，谁知嘉颜是帮着明柯弄亏空贪官中银子的，也跟了明柯逃跑，临走还卷了一票。明远据说进京去，太守家似有悔婚之意。桩桩件件，每件都要压垮老太太。苏小横只道：“有我在！你们不必问端底，等着就好。”众人也终于静了。回道观里，裳儿拿红纸剪着玩，有一搭没一搭的，又似剪窗花，又似只糟塌纸张，见苏小横回来，嘻嘻笑道：“爷爷也计算差了。”苏小横道：“哦？”“盗坠索银的人，爷爷先把目标锁定在大哥、五哥身上，尤以五哥嫌疑更重，五哥手里也确实有大笔银子来路不名，叫爷爷查出来，”裳儿弄着剪子，侃侃谈道，“可他旋即却糊涂得把田庄里贪得来的银子，都输在赌局里，以至于受蕙妹妹胁迫，坏了笙表妹名声，吃了爹爹一顿杖，爬都爬不起来，爷爷就重点去调查大哥了罢？谁知五哥买通爹爹身边行杖的，筋骨无碍，装着养伤，悄没声儿一切都打点好，拐了嘉颜姐姐，扔嘣就走了！把爷爷可摆了一道。”“是你被摆了一道。”苏小横道。裳儿手里的剪子，停了停。“你将是独当一面的人，特立专行，生杀予夺，非如此，不足以在宫中固宠。”苏小横道，“内外种种，我知道的，你也知道，我并未瞒你，我所不知道的，你也应该自己想办法知道，定出方略，克敌制