人教版初二上册英语单词词组句型和语法知识点

1Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience.growup成长；长大everyday每天besureabout对……有把握makesure确信；务必send…to…把……送到……beableto能themeaningof……的意思differentkindsof不同种类的writedown写下；记下havetodowith关于；与……有关系takeup开始做；学着做hardlyever几乎不；很少too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能begoingto+动词原形打算做某事practicedoing练习做某事keepondoingsth.不断地做某事learntodosth.学会做某事finishdoingsth.做完某事promisetodosth.许诺去做某事helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事remembertodosth.记住做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事lovetodosth.喜爱做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事begoingto的用法1）begoingto+动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow,nextyear等时间状语或when引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be动词完成，be随主语有am,is,are的变换，goingto后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他。Heisgoingtotakethebusthere.否定句：主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+其他I’mnotgoingtoseemyfriendsthisweekend.一般疑问句：Be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+benot.Areyougoingtoseeyourfriendsthisweekend?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他？Whatishegoingtodothisweekend?Whenareyougoingtoseeyourfriends?2)如果表示计划去某地，可直接用begoingto+地点WearegoingtoBeijingforaholiday.3)表示位置移动的动词，如go,come,leave等常用进行时表示将来。Thebusiscoming.MyauntisleavingforBeijingnextweek.4)begoingto与will的区别：①对未来事情的预测用“will+动词原形”表达，will没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will后面加not,也可用will后面加not,或者缩略式won’t,变一般疑问句将will提至句首。Willplanesbelargeinthefuture?Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.②will常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而begoingto指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。IbelieveLucywillbeagreatdoctor.③陈述将来的某个事实用will.Iwilltenyearsoldnextyear.④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用will.I’mtiredIwillgotobed.2⑤表示意愿用will.I’lltellyouthetruth.⑥表示计划、打算要做的事情用begoingto,而不用will.I’mgoingtobuyacomputerthismonth.---Let’sdiscusstheplan,shallwe?----Notnow.I______toaninterview.A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.wasgoing------Jackisbusypackingluggage.---Yes.He_________forAmericaonvacation.A.leavesB.leftC.isleavingD.hasbeenaway语法：Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Iwanttobeanengineer.Howareyougoingtodothat?I’mgoingtostudymathreallyhard.Whereareyougoingtowork?I’mgoingtomovetoShanghai.Whenareyougoingtostart?I’mgoingtostartwhenIfinishhighschoolandcollege.1promisevt.保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promisetodosth._____Mymotherpromisedtobuyapianoforme.2)promisesb.sth._____Myauntpromisedmeabike.3)promise+that从句_____Tompromisesthathecanreturnontime.promisen.允诺，诺言Lilyisadishonestgirl.Sheneverkeepsapromise.2.when与while的区别：when表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsweretalking.Whenshearrives,I’llcallyou.while表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生，while还可以作并列连词，意为“而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisawassingingwhilehermotherwasplayingpiano.Tomisstrongwhilehisyoungerbrotherisweek.3.practicevt.练习，后接名词，代词或v-ing作宾语。Youreldersisterispracticingtheguitarintheroom.常跟v-ing作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon.承认推迟没得想：admit,delay/putoff,fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice.否认完成能欣赏：deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡：can’thelp,mind,escape.不准冒险凭想象：forbid,risk,imagine.4.everyday与everyday区别everydayadj.每天的在句中作定语，位于名词前。Thisisoureverydayhomework.3everyday副词短语，在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。Hereadsbookseveryday.Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?oncomputer在电脑上onpaper在纸上livetodo200yearsold活动200岁freetime空闲时间indanger处于危险之中ontheearth在地球上playapartinsth.参与某事spacestation太空站lookfor寻找computerprogrammer电脑编程员inthefuture在未来hundredsof许多；成百上千thesame…as…与……一样overandoveragain多次；反复地getbored感到厌烦的wakeup醒来falldown倒塌will+动词原形将要做……fewer/more+可数名词复数更少/更多……less/more+不可数名词更少/更多……havetodosth.不得不做某事agreewithsb.同意某人的意见such+名词（词组）如此……playapartindoingsth.参与做某事Therewillbe+主语+其他将会有……Thereis/are+sb./sth.+doingsth.有……正在做某事makesb.dosth.helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.对某人来说，做某事……的。语法：Whatwillthefuturebelike?Citieswillbemorepolluted.Andtherewillbefewertrees.Willpeopleusemoneyin100years?No,theywon’t.Everythingwillbefree.Willtherebeworldpeace?Yes,Ihopeso.Kidswillstuffyathomeoncomputers.Theywon’tgotoschool.词语辨析：1.every与each的区别：every用来表整体，each用来表个别。each最低需是两，every最低需是三。everyadj.every作主用单数，each可单也可复，作主、作定用单数，其他情况用复数。eachadj./pron.Everyteacherknowsher.4Therearelotsoftreesoneachsideoftheroad.Eachoftheroadhasadictionary.2.ontheearth在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。onearth究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun./Whatonearthdoyoumean?3.human,指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。person,无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people,泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，aman可指“一个人/一个男人”，复数形式为men.Hewastheonlyhumanontheisland.Thereareonlythreepersonsintheroom.Therearemanypeoplethere.Manisstrongerthanwoman.4.seem连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：seem+名词看起来。Heseemsaniceman.seemlike好像，似乎。Itseemedlikeagoodideaatthetime.seemtodosth.似乎/看起来/好像做某事。Iseemtohaveleftmybookathome.Itseems/seemedthat看起来好像…,似乎….Hewasveryhappy.seemtobe+形容词/名词=seem+形容词/名词。Sheseemstobehappy.=Sheseemshappy.5.probablyad.maybe相当于perhaps.也许，大概，可能。作状语.probably用于句中，可能性最大。Hewillprobablycometomorrow.maybe/perhaps用于句首。Maybe/Perhapsyouareright.1.during/for/in介词，在……期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during;说到某事持续多久则用for;说到某事具体发生的时间用in.Wevisitedmanyplacesofinterestduringthesummerholiday.I’vebeenherefortwoweeks.TheyusuallyleaveschoolinJuly.一般将来时结构：肯定式：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他will用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称。主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他be随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。否定式：在will/shall/be后面加not.willnot=w