CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大职业卫生与安全体系

TheCanadianOccupationalHealthandSafetySystem加拿大职业卫生与安全体系AnOverview概况CanadaHas14Jurisdictions加拿大有14个行政辖区1Federal一个联邦10Provincesand3Territories10个省和3个地区.ProvincialandTerritorialJurisdictions(90%ofworkers)省级及地方管辖区（90%的工人）:Provincialandterritorialemployees省级和地方员工Workersinmostindustries,includingsmallbusinessesandself-employedworkers在大多数行业中的工人，包括从事小买卖和自主经营者e.g.construction,manufacturing,textiles,mining如建筑业、制造业、纺织业和采矿业FederalJurisdiction(10%ofworkers)联邦区划（10%的工人）:Employeesoffederalgovernmentandfederalcorporations,military联邦政府和联邦公司、军队的员工Workersincertainnationalcorporations全国性公司中的工人e.g.airlines,railways,telecommunications如航空、铁路和通信业InternalResponsibilitySystem内部责任体系Employerandemployees:雇主和雇员Knowtheirworkandthehazardsbest最清楚其工作和致危因素Cooperatetoimplementsafetymeasures共同执行安全措施Employermanagestheworkplacesafely.雇主安全管理工作场所Employermusttakeallreasonableactionstoprotectthehealthandsafetyofworkers.雇主必须采取所有合理的行动保护工人的卫生与安全Employerisaccountablefornon-compliance.雇主要对不遵守法律的行为负责Governmentagencies:政府机构Legislate,inspect,andenforce(civil,criminal)立法、监督和执法（民法和刑法）Providepreventiveservicesandincentives提供预防性服务和激励措施EmployerResponsibilities雇主职责Identifyworkplacehazards–prevent&control确认工作场所致危因素-预防和控制Implementsafeworkpracticesandcomplywithallregulations执行安全工作实践并遵守所有规章Develophazardpreventionprogramandmanagementsystem制定危害预防方案和管理体系Provideworkplacetrainingandeducationtoworkers为工人提供工作场所培训和教育Supportemployeeparticipation,suchassafetycommittees支持员工参与，如安全委员会Trainsupervisorstoensuretheyare“competent”培训部门主管以保证他们“称职”Inspecttheworkplace检查工作场所Haveanaccidentinvestigationandreportingsystem有事故调查和报告体系EmployerDueDiligence雇主的应尽职责Duediligenceisalegaldefenseincaseofaccidentorinjury尽职尽责是在发生事故和工伤时的合法防卫Evidencethatallreasonableprecautionsweretakentopreventaccidentsandinjuries证明采取一切合理的预防措施阻止事故和伤害的发生。Stepstodemonstrateduediligence:展示尽职尽责的步骤Showthatemployerisawareofhazardsandactingtocontrolthem.表明雇主清楚致危因素并采取行动对其进行控制Documentpolicies,practices,andprocedures.文件政策、实践和程序Monitorworkplaceandensurethatemployeesfollowworkplaceproceduresandrequirements.监督工作场所并确定所有雇员遵守工作场所程序和要求Implementgoodpracticesusedinsimilarorganizationsandindustries.执行在相似机构和行业使用的优秀实践。Workers’Rights工人的权利RighttoParticipate参与权JointHealthandSafetyCommittees联合卫生与安全委员会RighttoKnow知情权Mustbeinformedabouthazards必须告知雇员致危因素Mustbetrainedonsafeworkprocedures必须对员工进行工作安全程序的培训RighttoRefuseunsafework对不安全工作的拒绝权Specificproceduresdetailedinregulations具体的程序应该在规章中说明Workers’Responsibilities工人的责任Worksafelyaccordingtoprocedures根据程序安全地工作Usesafetyequipmentandpersonalprotectiveequipment使用安全设备和个人防护设备Reporthazards报告致危因素HistoryofHealthandSafety卫生与安全历史1884OntarioFactoriesAct安大略行业法令1911BuildingTradesProtectionAct建筑保护法令1914Workmen’sCompensationAct工人赔偿法令1917IndustrialAccidentPreventionAssoc.工伤预防协会1929ConstructionSafetyAssociation建筑安全协会1978OccupationalHealthandSafetyAct职业卫生与安全法令1978CCOHSfounded建立职业卫生与安全中心1998WorkplaceSafetyandInsuranceBoard工作场所安全和保险委员会HealthandSafetyOrganizations卫生和安全组织Compensationboards(13)赔偿委员会Insurance保险,treatment待遇,rehabilitation（复职）,prevention预防,education教育MinistriesofLabour(14)劳工部Legislation,standards,enforcement立法、标准和执法CCOHS加拿大职业卫生与安全中心Sectoralandprofessionalsafetyassociations行业和职业安全协会Prevention,training,consulting预防、培训和咨询Educationandtrainingorganizations教育和培训机构Researchinstitutions研究院Independentconsultants独立专家Workers’InsuranceinCanada加拿大的工人保险(HistoricCompromise)Employerspaypremiumstoworkers’compensationboards(WCBs)basedontheirinjuryrecord雇主根据其工伤记录向赔偿委员会为工人缴纳保险Insuranceismandatory保险是强制的No-faultinsurance无过失保险–workerscannotsueemployers工人不能起诉雇主Boardspayincentivestoemployerstoencourageprevention,training,andothersafetyprogramsbyemployers委员会对雇主进行奖励以鼓励雇主采取预防、培训和其他安全方案RolesoftheWorkers’CompensationBoards(WCBs)工人赔偿委员会的职责Providetreatmentandrehabilitation提供待遇和复职服务Payinjuredworkerswhiletheyrecover受伤工人在康复过程中要得到赔偿费用Paypensionstoworkerswhoarepermanentlydisabled向永久残疾的工人支付抚恤金Fundsafetyassociations(industrysectors)为安全协会(工业行业）出资Deliverservicesforpreventionandeducation为预防和教育活动提供服务–Example–ConstructionSafetyAssociationofOntario安大略建筑安全协会Established1929toserveconstructionindustry1929年成立，为建筑行业服务Bipartite–employersandbuildingtrades双方-雇主和建筑工FundedbyWSIB(compensationboard)由安全检查委员会（赔偿委员会）出资About2%ofconstructioninsurancefunds($750million(about$2000perworkerperyear))Majorfunctions:主要功能Educationandtraining教育和培训Consultingandtechnicaladvice咨询和技术建议Targetcompanieswithhighinjuryrates高工伤率的目标企业Targetnewcompanies瞄准新企业Research研究CCOHS加拿大职业卫生与安全中心Established1978asthenationalcentre1978年作为国家中心成立Mandate宗旨:promoteOH&S提升职业卫生与安全Tripartite(governments,industry,unions)三方（政府、行业、工会）Primaryroles:首要职责Informationtoallworkplaceparties将信息通告工作场所各方FreeInquiriesandOSHAnswers免费提问和提供免费职业卫生与安全答案Databases–legislation,CHEMINFO数据库-立法Publicationsande-courses出版物和电子课程Workplacetoolsandservices–OH&Smanagementsystem,MSDSwriter,MSDSmanagement工作场所工具和服务-职业卫生与安全管理体系，CollaborativeprojectssuchasINTOX协同工程RecentTrendsinCanada加拿大的近期趋势Improvedperformance绩效得到提升Fewerinjuries,bettercompliance更少的工伤，更好的遵守法律Moreenforcement更多