初中英语语法――宾语从句专题

2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲授课教师兰州梦菲英语学校赵彩绒授课教师兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲TheObjectClause宾语从句2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲Theobjectclause宾语从句定义：复合句中，放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲1.CouldyoupleasetellmeifDavidSmithcomes?2.CouldyoupleasetellmewhetherJanecomesornot?3.Couldyoupleasetellmewhowillbringfood?4.Couldyoupleasetellmewhatweneedtobuy?5.Couldyoupleasetellmewhenthepartystarts?6.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethepartyis?7.Couldyoupleasetellmehowwecangetthere?8.Couldyoupleasetellmewhichbusweshouldtake?Let’sgotothepartytogether,let’shaveagoodtime.2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲宾语从句三要素：一、引导词二、语序三、时态四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、宾语从句的反意疑问句六、否定转移2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：一、引导词（看从句）从句是陈述句(口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句Weknow（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.thatif/whether（是否）wh/how(即特殊疑问词)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether;是肯定语气，用that.2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲If/whether（是否）的区别•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：•①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.•②在介词前：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.•③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.•④做主语从句：Whetherheisrightisn’timportant.•主语2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲从句是特殊疑问句,当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致,可简化成:特殊疑问词+todo.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestpostoffice？2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲1.填写合适的引导词1Canyoutellme______youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe5.Idon'tknow___hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose8.Heaskedhisfriend_______togothereornot.A.ifBwhetherC.whatD.thatCCABBAAB2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲2：用that,if/whether,how,where,what,….等连接词填空.1.Ihear_____theywillvisitourschoolnextweek.2.Doyouknow_____thegirlis?3.Couldyoutellme_____Icangettothepark?4.Wethought______youhadneverbeentherebefore.5.Pleasetellme_______youlive.6.Motheraskedme___________Ihadfinishedmyhomework.thatwhohowthatwhereif/whether2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲7.Doyouknow_____sheisangry?8.Theteacherasked_____yournamewas.9.Tomisten.Iwanttoknow_________youare.10.Heaskedyou_______youwereastudentornot.whywhathowoldwhether2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲二、语序Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→•Iwonderifheworkshard.•或Iwonderwhetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→•Idon’tknowwhenheleft.陈述句语序即：连词＋主语＋谓语动词①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：What’sthematter?(怎么了?)等,在作宾语从句时,语序不变.如:Couldyoutellmewhat’sthematter?可以告诉我怎么了吗?2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。1.IthinkthathewillcometoChinanextyear.2.Iwanttoknowifhewasathomeyesterday.3.Canyoutellmewheredoesyourmotherwork?4.Doyouknowwhocananswerthequestion?5.Pleasetelluswhereisthehospital?√√yourmotherworksthehospitalis√2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲三、时态①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）he__________(come)backnextweek.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。（看主句）•如：Hesaid（that）there______(be)noclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Wewonderwhenhe_______(start)learningEnglish.Hetoldmehe_______(can)swim.werecouldstartedwillcomeTheteacheraskedhimwhathe____________(do)atseven.wasdoingMyfriendaskedmewhenI____________(leave)forBeijing.wouldleave或wasleavingHetoldmethathe_______________(be)toShanghai.hadbeenCouldyoutellmehowhe________(go)toschooleveryday?goes2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲4.时态练习1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.•A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone•C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3Couldyoutellmewhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.•A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveledADCBCCouldyoutellme+宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别•1.宾语从句:ifwhen•2.状语从句:•条件状语从句if•时间状语从句when是否什么时候(即特殊疑问词)如果从句时态根据句意而定当……时•时态:主句一般将来时/一般现在时/祈使句/含情态动词,从句一般现在时.•主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时.主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲5.If/when区别练习:•1.Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow，Iwon’tcome.•2.Hedidn’ttellmeifit_________(rain)tomorrow.•3.Idon’tknowifhe__________(come)tomorrow.Ifhe______(come),I’lltellyou.•4.Whenit________(stop)raining,we’llgoswimming.•5.Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm____________(start)?I’llleaveforamoment.wouldrainrainswillcomecomesstopswillstart如果是否是否如果当…….的时候什么时候2020/3/3兰州梦菲英语学校赵老师编讲其它问题•didshe•Idon’tthinkheisserious,_________?isheIbelievehecanfinishitontime,____________?can’the否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等词时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。•如：Idon’tthinkheisright.我认为他不对。•附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1.一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：如：•Shedidn’tsaythathewouldcomehere,________?2.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：•标点