非谓语动词作主语和定语

非谓语动词作主语•一、动名词（V.ing）作主语•LosinghimwasbluelikeI’dneverknown•Missinghimwasdarkgreyallalone•Forgettinghimwasliketryingtoknowsomebodyyou’venevermet•Butlovinghimwasred~~~•一.TheusageofV-ingformusedassubject动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。•WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.(经常性、习惯性的动作)•Talkingiseasierthandoing.(状态）•一.动名词做主语的3种句型•(1)动名词直接置于句首。•Talkingiseasierthandoing.•(2)Ving形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语•Itisawasteoftimedoingsth•(3)Therebe结构中作主语：•A.Thereis+nodoing•B.Thereisnopointdoing(1)动名词直接置于句首。•WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.•Seeingisbelieving.(2)V-ing形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语。isawasteoftime.形式主语真正主语Itisawasteoftimeplayingvideogames.playingvideogames常见句式:•Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth•做、、、没有用的•Itisawasteoftimedoingsth•做、、、是浪费时间的•(3)Therebe结构中作主语：•A.Thereisno+doing表示不可能做某事•例子：•Thereisnoknowingthefuture==wecan’tknowthefuture.我们不可能知道未来发生什么Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo．说出他要干什么是不可能的。•Thereisnosayingwhatmayhappen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。B.Thereisnopointdoing做某事没有意义•There’snopointhavingwishesifyoudon’tatleasttrytodothem.•Talkingiseasierthandoing.•LosinghimwasbluelikeI’dneverknown.•Missinghimwasdarkgreyallalone.动名词作主语时，单个V-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数。•Collectingstampsandrunningarehishobby.两个或两个以上表达不同意义的V-ing作主语，谓语动词用复数。•主谓一致：•Seeing____(be)believing.•WatchingTVandreadingbooks_______(has)becomearoutineforme.•一.动名词做主语的用法•(1)动名词直接置于句首。•Talkingiseasierthandoing.•(2)Ving形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语•Itisawasteoftimedoingsth•(3)Therebe结构中作主语：•A.Thereis+nodoing•B.Thereisnopointdoing单个V-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数。SinceTomwenttohighschool,_______(watch)TVhasbecomearoutineforhim.Hismotheralwayssaid“it’swasteoftime_________(spend)timeinfrontofTV.”However,Tomalwaysanswers“IcankeepabalancebetweenstudyingandwatchingTV.”Asyouknow,talking________(be)easierthandoing.Later,Tomdoesn’tdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tom’smotherknowsthatthereisnopoint_________(scold)himnow.soshecomfortshimandsaid“itisnouse_________(cry)overspiltmilk.Thereisno_________(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.SinceTomwenttohighschool,_watching______(watch)TVhasbecomearoutineforhim.Hismotheralwayssaid“it’swasteoftime__spending___(spend)timeinfrontofTV.”However,Tomalwaysanswers“IcankeepabalancebetweenstudyingandwatchingTV.”Asyouknow,talking__is__(be)easierthandoing.Later,Tomdoesn’tdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tom’smotherknowsthatthereisnopoint___scolding____(scold)himnow.soshecomfortshimandsaid“itisnouse___crying___(cry)overspiltmilk.Thereisno___telling___(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.二、不定式（to+动词原形）作主语1、直接做主语例句：Tohesitatemeansfailure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe.这样做是削足适履。（主语和表语均用不定式）Forhimtoadmithismistakesisnoteasy.要他承认错误是不容易的。（带逻辑主语）Tobeworkingalldaylongisabore.整天干活使人厌倦。（不定式进行式）Tohaveknownyouisaprivilege.认识了你真是荣幸。（不定式完成式）2.It做形式主语•It'sunlikehimtobelate.他可不是迟到的那种人。Howdoesitfeeltobeonyourown?自由自在的感觉怎样？Itwouldbewrongforpeopletomarryformoney.人们为钱而结婚是错误的。（It+be+形容词+for短语+不定式）It'sashametosaylikethat.那样说话是可耻的。（It+be+名词+不定式）Itisagainstmayprinciplestodosuchathing.做这样的事是违反我的原则的。（It+be+介词短语+不定式）Of还是for？Itis+adj.+of+sb.+todosth.这里的形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等•It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我,真好.It’scleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.你真聪明,解出了这道数学题.Itis+adj.+for+sb.+todosth.若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对人的评价,用forsb.,这类词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,（im）possible等.•It’sverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险.It’sdifficultforustofinishthework.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.非谓语动词做定语1.不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作。如：•Theyhavethreeticketstospare.他们多三张票。•Shehasplentyofclothestowear.她有足够的衣服穿。•句型thefirsttodo•Heisalwaysthefirstonetocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.2.分词作定语现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生.Thereisagentlemanaskingtoseeyou.有一位先生要求见你。过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性.Sheisatrainednurse.她是一个受过训练的护士。*如果动作不是和谓语同时发生或正在发生，则只能用定语从句。3.动名词作定语，只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途Thedoctortoldmenottotakesleepingpills.医生叫我不要服安眠药。4.tobedone,beingdone,done均可用作定语，且都表示被动意义，其区别在于：tobedone表示将来，beingdone表示目前正在发生，done表示过去已经发生。Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisacinema.明年建的那座房子是家电影院。Thehousebeingbuiltnowisacinema.现在正在建的房子是家电影院。Thehousebuiltlastyearisacinema.去年建的那座房子是家电影院。4.Therewereseveralnewevents________(add)totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.5.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_________(pay)vacationtoChina.12.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell______(spend).35.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents________(study)Chineseintheschool,mostofwhomwerefromGermany.36.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames________(hold)inBeijingin2008.43.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket__________(cover)thedesert.55.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle_______(give)toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.