非谓语动词概述及不定式讲解

非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√可充当成分:主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.一、不定式1.不定式作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．2.不定式作宾语Youneedn'tbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire3.不定式作宾语补足语MyfatherwantsmetobeanEnglishteacher.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.常接不定式作宾补的词有：ask,encourage,force,permit,urge,direct,enable,invite,order,want,wish等4.不定式作表语Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主语的内容或性质HeistomarryRose.表按计划要做的事情.4.不定式作定语Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.5.不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.6.不定式作结果状语常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词…astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.7.不定式作原因状语常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）Itis+形容词ofsomebody+todosth.表示某人因做了某事而反映出了其特有的品质.例1：Itiswiseofhimtodothat.=Todothatiswiseofhim.例2：Itiswrongofhimnottoacceptourinvitation.=Nottoacceptourinvitationiswrongofhim.品质形容词：absurd,bold,careful,considerate,thoughtful,nice,rude,cruel,brave,careless,careful等8.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。10.不定式的省略现象，即用动词原形的情况不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/except__them(wait).Ihavenotanypowerinthefirmexcept__(recommend).不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.1.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken11.不定式后动词的省略动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。1.---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.---______.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,Iwouldn’tD.That’sallright句式wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,needn’thave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。例1：---Areyouasailor?---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).例2：---Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?---No,butIshouldhave(finished).不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略