电子商务(双语)第七章

©PrenticeHall2004Chapter8ElectronicPaymentSystemsLearningObjectives1.Understandthecrucialfactorsthatdeterminethesuccessofe-paymentmethods.2.Discusstheplayersandprocessesinvolvedinusingcreditcardsonline.3.Discussthedifferentcategoriesandpotentialusesofsmartcards.LearningObjectives(cont.)4.Discussvariousonlinealternativestocreditcardpaymentsandidentifyunderwhatcircumstancestheyarebestused.5.Describetheprocessesandpartiesinvolvedine-checking.LearningObjectives(cont.)6.DescribepaymentmethodsinB2BEC,includingpaymentsforglobaltrade.7.Discussbillpresentmentandpayment.8.Describespecialpaymentmethods.LensDocOrganizesPaymentsOnline•LensDocisanonlineretailerofcontactlenses,sunandmagnifyingglasses,anddentalcareandpersonalcareproducts–Customerspaywithacreditcard–CreditcardsalsomakeiteasyforacustomertoreturnanitemandreceivecreditforthereturnLensDocOrganizesPaymentsOnline(cont.)–Peopletrycontactlensesandreturnthemiftheyarenotsatisfied–U.S.regulationsprohibitthereturnofcontactlensesthathavebeenused–LensDochadtodiscardthelensesandtotakealossLensDocOrganizesPaymentsOnline(cont.)•TheSolution–LensDocimplementedspecialhandlingproceduresforauthorizingonlinecreditcardpurchases•companymanuallyprocessescreditcardorders•customersmustfaxaformthatincludesthecardholder’saddressaswellastheshippingaddressLensDocOrganizesPaymentsOnline(cont.)•TheResults–Manualprocessingofcreditcardpaymentsisslowandsolvessomeproblems–However,thedisadvantagesofalternativee-paymentmethodseemtooutweightheadvantages(cashcards,specialcard-swipingperipherals,creditcardprocessingservices)LensDocOrganizesPaymentsOnline(cont.)•Whatwecanlearn…–Thepotentialforfraudishighwhencreditcardsareusedonline–Merchantsareresponsibleforfraudulentchargesbecauseonlinecreditcardpurchasesaretreatedas“card-not-present”transactions–By2002,e-tailersbegantoviewcreditcardfraudasasolvableproblemElectronicPayments•E-payments:paymentsmadeonline–TheoverwhelmingmajorityofWebpurchasesaremadewithcreditcards–ThismaychangeinthefutureDeficienciesofCreditCardPayments•E-payments:paymentsmadeonline–ManypeoplewhowillbeontheInternetin2004havenotevenhadtheirfirstWebexperience–ManyoftheseuserswillcomefromcountriesoutsidetheUnitedStates,wheretheuseofcreditcardsisnotasprevalent–Manyusersarealsolikelytobeyoungerandhavelessaccesstocreditanddebitcards–ManypurchasestheymakewillbemicropaymentsDeficienciesofCreditCardPayments(cont.)•E-payments–95percentofalle-commerceareB2Btransactions•ElectronicpaymentsaremorelikelytoinvolveEFTsorelectronicchecks•CreditcardscannotbeusedforlargesumsofB2Btransactions–Alargeamountoffraudwithonlinecreditcardshoppingoccursthatresultsinchargebackstothemerchants•电子资金转帐的定义电子资金转帐（EFT，ElectronicFundsTransfer）是一种使用主计算机、终端机、磁带、电话以及通信网络等电子设备和技术手段进行的快速、高效的资金传递方式，通常用于大额资金的实时转账，特别适用于大型企事业和商业单位通过银行所进行的各种支付业务。•国际上主要的电子资金清算系统–环球银行金融电讯协会的SWEFT系统–美国联邦储备局（FRB）–美国的CHIPS系统–英国CHAPS系统电子资金转帐ElectronicPayments(cont.)•Chargebackproblem–achargebackmeansthatthecustomerrefusestopay,claimingthatthepurchasewasmadebysomeoneelse–HappensinInternettransactions:•Fourtimesmorefrequentlythancatalogsales•Ninetimesmorefrequentlythaninbrick-and-mortarsalesElectronicPayments(cont.)•“Bestpractices”usedbymerchantswhenconductingcreditcardtransactions:–implementingafirewall–usingencryptionandantivirussoftware–incorporatingintercompanysecuritypracticesElectronicPayments(cont.)•Bestpractices–However,since2002,e-tailersseecreditcardfraudasasolvableproblem–Riskmanagementtechniquesandfraud-preventionsoftwarearewidelyavailable–TheMerchantFraudSquadprovideseducationaboutfraudpreventiontechniquesandencouragesbusinessessellingonlinetoadoptbestpracticesandantifraudtechnologiesElectronicPayments(cont.)•Bestpractices–nochargeback.comandcombatfraud.orgofferfraud-protectionservices•Membersaccessthesite’sdatabaseofcreditcardnumbers,e-mailaddresses,andpostaladdressesusedforpurchasesthatresultedinachargeback•Merchantscheckfor“deadbeats”atthissiteandthenrefusetoacceptchargesfromthemElectronicPaymentMethods•Electronicpaymentcards(credit,debit,charge)•Virtualcreditcards•E-wallets(ore-purses)•Smartcards•Electroniccash(severalvariations)ElectronicPaymentMethods(cont.)•Wirelesspayments•Stored-valuecardpayments•Loyaltycards•Person-to-personpaymentmethodsElectronicPaymentMethods(cont.)•E-paymentsforB2B–Electronicchecks–Purchasingcards–Electroniclettersofcredit–Electronicfundstransfer(EFT)–Electronicbenefitstransfer(EBT)Otherinnovativemethods,includinge-linesofcreditElectroniclettersofcredit•买卖双方先通过网络EDI系统进行业务谈判、订单、买卖合同的签署等•进口商通过网络将电子开证申请书递交开证行•开证行据客户核定的授信额度,按申请书内容,向出口商(即受益人)开出信用证,并通过银行内部作业系统与外部网络系统的接口,将信用证发送给出口商所在地分行或代理行(即通知行)•通知行核对印鉴无误后,将电子信用证转发到出口商的电子邮箱•出口商用EDI系统自动审核信用证后,再由EDI系统自动生成全套单据并通过通信网络传送至运输、保险、海关及商检机构等有关部门,并要求这些机构根据信用证的内容和实际货物的情况出具诸如发票、提单、保险单等电子单据•出口商按照信用证的规定装运货物以后,备齐各类电子单据,开出电子汇票,通过通信网络提示议付行付款•议付行EDI系统按照信用证条款审核单据无误后将货款垫付给出口商,将电子汇票、货运单据通过电子邮件转发给开证行或其指定的付款行索偿•开证行核对单据无误后,付款给议付行•开证行通知进口人付款赎单,进口商付款后,开证行将各类电子单据转发给进口商,进口商再将电子单据通过网络转发承运商换取货物ElectronicPaymentMethods(cont.)•Fivepartiesinvolvedine-payments:1.Customer/payer/buyer2.Merchant/payee/selle