4_Wind generation-08PSCAD浙大研修班(仅供参考学习)

ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreWindgeneratorsVariableandfixedspeedInductionmachinesSynchronousandPMmachinesDoublyfedinductionmachinesPowerelectronicconverters周铮July2008ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreMaincomponentsManitobaHVDCResearchCentreGE3.6MWWindspeed:3.5–14–25m/sDFIG:IGBTbasedSpeed:8.5–15.3rpmBladeDia:111mModernTechnologyManitobaHVDCResearchCentreVestasV90ModernTechnologyVestasV90–3MWWindspeed:4–15–25m/sDFIG:Opti-speedSpeed:8.6–16.1-18.4rpmBladeDia:90mManitobaHVDCResearchCentreGamesa-G90ModernTechnologyAerodynamicprimarybrakebymeansoffull-featheringbladesHydraulically-activatedmechanicaldiscbrakeforemergencies690VStator4polemachineGearratio-1:120.5material:Pre-impregnatedepoxyglassfibrewithcarbonfibberDFIG:BladeDia:90mManitobaHVDCResearchCentreEnercon–E82ModernTechnologyDirectdrivesynchronousgeneratorPitchcontrolBack-to-backconvertergridcoupled6-19.5rpm‘Stormcontrol’featureManitobaHVDCResearchCentreWindTurbine•Availablepower3...21vACPpm57.51012.51517.52022.5250.250.5Cp-TipSpeed0.50CpW0()255W()Wind_SpeedHub_SpeedWind_SpeedManitobaHVDCResearchCentreIMCapacitorsorSVCnetworkGearboxDirectconnectedinductionmachine:Nosliprings/brushes,SquirrelcagemachinehasasimplerobustconstructionLessmaintenance‘Fixedspeed’operationManitobaHVDCResearchCentreTorqueEquationinSteadyStateTorqueT-RatedT-sCurveTorque7.3681048.541105Ts()Trats()0.990Speeds()Operatingregionofthemachinefallsoverasmallspeedrange.Noreactivepowercontrol.TorqueSpeed(pu)ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreEffectofvaryingrotorresistanceinWoundRotorMachines00.20.40.60.81021044104610481047.3681041.598105T1s()T2s()T3s()T4s()Trats()0.990Speeds()TorqueEquationinSteadyStateRrotorincreasingTypicalspeedvariation:+/-5%ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreDirectconnectedinductionmachine(variablerotorresistance):IMEcap1.0[ohm]1.0[ohm]1.0[ohm]0.7[ohm]DV7330.001[ohm]DADDDBDEDCDF2V729.00001[H]S1Idc2.820[uF]V730DIADIBDICDIDDIEDIFDECDEBDEADEFDEEDEDTorotorControlrotorresistancewithpowerelectronicsManitobaHVDCResearchCentreRLRRL0.037[H]100MVATransformer33/230kV,Z=0.1pu55kmline230kV230kVEq.sourceStationAWindFarm#1#2VASTLIMWRrotor+Rrotor+Rrotor+Externalrotorresistance1.004Stot0.037[H]BRKTimedBreakerLogicOpen@t0BRK-0.50.02Directconnectedinductionmachines:PoorfaultresponseManitobaHVDCResearchCentreDirectconnectedinductionmachines:PoorfaultresponseMachinemustbetrippedduringfaults.DirectconnectedIMresponsetoafault1.502.503.504.505.506.50.........0.201.00puVrms0.99001.0400puW0.000.200.400.600.801.001.20puP1-1.50-1.00-0.500.000.501.001.50puQ1ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreSynchronousmachineconnectedthroughaac-dc-acconverter:WithorwithoutgearboxCanallowvariablespeedoperationPermanentmagnetmachineareusedaswellSMnetworkGearboxManitobaHVDCResearchCentreRLRRL0.037[H]100MVATransformer33/230kV,Z=0.1pu55kmline230kV230kVEq.sourceStationAWindFarm#1#2STe3AVTmTm0Ef0TmwEfIfVTIT3IfEfEf0VrefExciter_(AC1A)Vref0S/HinholdoutL2NWVA0.037[H]BRKBRK0.02TimedBreakerLogicOpen@t0Synchronousmachine:FaultresponseManitobaHVDCResearchCentreSynchronousmachine:FaultresponseMain:Graphs0.02.04.06.08.010.012.0.........0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.40puVrms0.99400.99600.99801.00001.00201.00401.0060puW0.04.50yEfMain:Graphs1.03.05.07.09.011.0.........0.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00puPg0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.00puQgManitobaHVDCResearchCentreDoublefedinductionmachine:Woundrotormachinewithsliprings‘Variablespeed’operationPandQindependentcontrolIMnetworkGearboxDFIGControlsCurrentofvariablefrequencyandmagnitudeareforcedintotherotorwindingsManitobaHVDCResearchCentreDoublefedinductionmachine:FastcontrolofPandQ‘Variablespeed’operation–OptimalpowertrackingatlowwindspeedsStorekineticenergyintherotatingsystemduringhighwindsMachineandmechanicalsystemratingslimitoperatingregion.RotorcrowbarprotectionduringfaultsOverspeedlimits.ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreDoubly-fedInductionMachineG4BUS8IstatorCTRLSTLIMWV&Controls&ControlsGRIDConverterConverterGENERATORGABCSABCS2TMODETIMEWindTRQWindParkTmCpVwWm0.28W4WspdChangewindspeedfom12to10.5m/sD+F+Vw...3-3ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreDoubly-fedInductionMachine-StatorfluxIdIqTIqQIdIdandIqarerotorcurrentcomponentsControllingrotorcurrentcomponentsIdandIqformsthebasisoftheDoubly-fedInductionmachineconcept.Powerelectronicbasedconvertersareusedtoforcerotorcurrentsintotherotorwindingstoachievedesiredoperation.ManitobaHVDCResearchCentreCircuitandModulesG4BUS8IstatorCTRLSTLIMWV&Controls&ControlsGRIDConverterConverterGENERATORGABCSABCS2TMODETIMEWindTRQWindParkTmCpVwWm0.28W4WspdChangewindspeedfom12to10.5m/sD+F+Vw...3-3Ecap10000.0EcaprefBRKGAIrcIrbT1T1D2T1T2D1T2D2T1D1T2T4T5T6T3ErcIraErbEraGBGCT2D1D21.0VCR-PWMbasedRotor-sideconverterRotorsideconverterManitobaHVDCResearchCentreVtddtPositionoftheFluxVectortVdInducedvoltageistherateofchangeofFluxLinkageIntegralofvoltagegivesthefluxlinkageacrossacoilManitobaHVDCResearchCentreVbetaVsmagVcVaIsaC-D+IsaVbC-D+phisyphisxXYYrtopXmagphiphsmagGsT1+sT*0.467*0.467ValfaGsT1+sT1sT1sTphisABC3to2Transformalfabeta*0.467IsaC-D+C+D