美国、日本和中国的教育比较的英文ppt(中西文化对比)

ThecomparisonofeducationbetweenAmericaJapanandChinaHistoryofAmericanEducation•ThefirstAmericanschoolsopenedduringthecolonialera..In1642theMassachusettsBayColony（马萨诸塞（美国州名）海湾殖民地）made“proper”educationcompulsory.Similarstatutes（法令，法规）wereadoptedinothercoloniesinthe1640sand1650s.•Thefirstpublicschoolswereopenedin1849.•By1870,everystateprovidedfreeelementaryeducation.HistoryofJapaneseEducation•ThehistoryofeducationinJapandatesbackatleasttothesixthcentury,whenChineselearningwasintroducedduringtheYamatoperiod（大和時代）.•ForeigncivilizationshaveoftenprovidednewideasforthedevelopmentofJapan'sownculture.HistoryofChineseEducation•Formaleducationhasbeentracedbacktothe16thcenturyinthelaterShangDynasty(1523-1027BC)•TheteachingsofConfucianismduringtheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods,thecurriculumweremainlybasedonthe“FourBooksandTheFiveClassics;”Theseteachingsoutlinedtheprinciplesofsocietyandgovernment,thecodesforpersonalconduct,andcollectivelydefinedtheConfucianphilosophy.•DuringHandynasty,thefirsrcivilserviceexamwassetup.IthadbeenuseduntiltheQingdynasty.EducationalSystemYearsinSchoolAmericavs.Japanvs.ChinaThethreeschoolsystemsarecomposedofthefollowing:1.Elementaryschool–lastsixyears2.MiddleSchool-lastthreeyears3.HighSchool-lastthreeyears4.College–fouryearsEducationintheUnitedStatesSecondaryeducationAmericanMiddleandHighSchools•Studentsbecomemoreresponsiblefortheirowneducation.•Middleschoolpreparesstudentstogoontohighschool.•Studentstakescience,math,socialstudies,readingandtechnology,P.E.isusuallymandatoryinprimarythrough9thgrade.AclassroominaseniorhighschoolJapaneseJuniorHighandHighSchools•Lowersecondaryschoolcoversgradesseven,eight,andnine,withincreasedfocusonacademicstudies•Mostofthestudentswillchoosetoenterhighschoolseventhoughthecompulsoryeducationisended.•Thefirst-yearprogramsforstudentsaresimilar.Coursecontentandcourseselectionarefarmoreindividualizedinthesecondyear.HighSchoolStudentsChineseMiddleSchools•Chinesemiddleschoolsconsistoftwoparts:Jr.middleschoolandSr.middleSchool,eachlaststhreeyears•Jr.MiddleSchoolisacontinuationofPrimarySchool.Sr.MiddleschoolisliketheAmericanHighSchool•InSr.Middleschool,studentschoosea“major”ofhumanitiesorsciences.TheyhavetopassaNationalExamattheendofMiddleschool.Colleges&UniversitiesAmerica•Thereareabout3000collegesanduniversities,bothprivateandpublicintheU.S.•Theyareallindependent,offeringtheirownchoiceofstudies,settingtheirownadmissionstandardsanddecidingwhichstudentsmeetthosestandards.•Thegreatertheprestigeoftheuniversity,thehigherthecreditsandgradesrequired.StudyincollegeGroupworkDiscussionanddebateHarvardUniversityHarvardUniversityisoneoftheearliestprivateuniversities,totrainpostgraduateandmainlyengagedinscientificresearchofcomprehensiveuniversity,headquartersislocatedinBoston'sCambridgecity,totaladdressisByerly-8,Cambridge,GardenStreet.HarvardUniversityJapan•Thereareabout600popularuniversitiesandcolleges;•Four-yearlearningtoearnbachelor’sdegree;•Pubilcuniversitiesarecomposedofnationaluniversitiesandlocaluniversities;•Halfoftheuniversitiesareprivate.UniversityofTokyo(東京大学)TheUniversityofTokyoTheUniversityofTokyoisamajorresearchuniversitylocatedinTokyo,Japan.TheuniversitywascharteredbytheMeiji(明治)governmentin1877.ItisconsideredtobethemostprestigiousuniversityinJapan.FifteenprimeministersinJapanhavestudiedatUniversityofTokyo.Sevenalumni(校友)ofUniversityofTokyohavereceivedtheNobelPrize.China•Thereareover2,000universitiesandcolleges,withmorethansixmillionenrollmentsintotal.•Atypicalstudentenrolledinauniversitylivesinadormitoryroomwhichshe/heshareswithfrom1to7people,andeatsinthedininghallsoncampus.•Itiscommonlyconsideredthatpublicuniversitiesespeciallythosenationalonesarebetterthanprivateuniversities.•.PekingUniversity,knowninChineseasBeida,wasfoundedasImperialCapitalUniversityin1898.ItisthefirstformallyestablishedmodernnationaluniversityofChina.PekingUniversitywasinfluentialinthebirthofChina'sNewCultureMovement,MayFourthMovementandmanyothersignificantevents.Today,manynationalandinternationalrankingsfrequentlyplacePekingUniversityasoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.PekingUniversityThecontrastoffamilyeducationbetweenChinaandwesterncountries1、Thetendencyoffamilyeducation2、Thevaluesoffamilyeducation3、Thefocusoffamilyeducation4、Thetrainingofsenseofindependence5、FinancialeducationThetendencyoffamilyeducationINCHINA：Parentstendtofocusthesocialenlightenment.However,theyignorethedevelopmentofchildrenthemselves.Inwesterncountries:Parentsinwesterncountriesoftenstartfromthecharacteristicsoftheirchildren,lettingthemdevelopfreely.ThevaluesoffamilyeducationINCHINA：Inwesterncountries:It'sparentsfaultsforchildren'sbeingignorant.Childrenareasequalasanymembersinthefamilies.ThefocusoffamilyeducationINCHINA：ParentspayattentiontothecultivationofmoralInwesterncountries:Parentspayattentiontochildren'scuriosityandimaginationofnature.ThetrainingofsenseofindependenceINCHINA：Learningisthemostimportantthingthatchildrenshouldcareabout.Inwesterncountries:Focusingontrainingthechildren'ssenseofindependence.Financiale