英语句子成分

什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型.句子包括哪些成分？Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.Practice‹›主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补主语（subject）:句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首•Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）•Helikesdancing.（代词）•Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)•Fishingisallowed..（动名词）•Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化的形容词•1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.•2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！•找出下面句子的主语•1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.•2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.•3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测•单选：•1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.•A.areB.wasC.isD.were•2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.•A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing•3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.•A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。•Iloveyou!•Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.•Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.•Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.•Howoftendoyougoshopping?•Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成•Openthedoor,please!•Goandgetsomewaterforme.•Don’tlaughatothers!•Don’tcomebacklatetonight.•祈使句：•1.省略主语you•2.谓语动词用原形找出下列句子的谓语•①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.•②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.•③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?•⑤Didthetwinshaveeggsfortheirbreakfast?•⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.•⑦Heisinterestedinmusic.•⑧Whomdidyougivemybookto?•按要求找出下列句子的主谓：•1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）•2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）•3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）•4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）•5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）•6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you•1.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?•A.finishB.finishing•C.tofinishD.finished•2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.•A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish•3.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.•A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets•4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.•A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets•5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?•A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。•IlikeChina.•Hehatesyou.•Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo•Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.•Ienjoyworkingwithyou•Ihopetoseeyouagain.•Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?•Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.•Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.•介词后面的宾语：介宾•注意：人称代词要用宾格•Idecidedtogowith_______.•A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she•Hegavemeabookyesterday.••Givethepoormansomemoney.•间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：双宾•IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语真正宾语•①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语•5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?•6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.•7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.•8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.•.表语：•表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。宾语补足语•在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．•Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.•Leavethedooropen.•WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.•Makeyourselfathome.•Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.•挑出下列句中的宾语补足语•①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.•②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.•③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.•④TheycallmeLilysometimes.•⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.•⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?状语•状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．Hediditcarefully.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.定语•定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语．•Theblackbikeismine.•What’syourname?Abrokenvase.•Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.•Theymadepaperflowers.•TheboyintheroomisJack.•Ihavesomethingtodo.•Itisaswimmingpool.英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.Practice‹›主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）1.Tomgetsup.2.Whathappened?3.Itdoesnotmatter.4.Theytalked.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这