高中英语语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及习题

1非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词:a.动词不定式:表示目的或未完成的动作，也可以修饰前面名词或代词b.动名词：修饰名词，表示它的性质，或放介词后面做宾语c.分词现在分词：表示和逻辑主语为主动关系，或表示动作的进行过去分词：表示和逻辑主语为被动关系，或表示已经动作已经完成)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式（not）todo(not)tobedoing(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendoing动词不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后谓语动词的动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在发生动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作或特定时间之前动词不定式的动作在谓语动词动作之前，且一直在持续练习：1.I’mveryhappy(hear)thattheGermanteamwonthematch.2.Sheissaid(study)inFrance.据说她正在法国留学。3.Hepretended(sleep)whenhisyoungerbrothercamein.当他弟弟进来时，他假装在睡觉。4.Whenyoucalledmeup,Ihappened(prepare)dinner.你给我打电话时，我正好在做饭。5.Youarelucky（get）ticketstothefootballmatch.你买到了足球赛门票，真幸运。6.Heappears(wait)hereforalongtime.他似乎在这里等了很久。（仍然在等待）单选1.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3.Tomhappenedwhentheyspokeillofhim.A.passingbyB.tobepassingbyC.topassingbyD.tohavingpassedby4.Thedoctorwarnedthepatientnottoeatsugar.I’msorrytoldyouaboutit.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving25.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiNa,whowassaidamiracleinthetennis.A.makingB.havingmadeC.tohavemadeD.make6.Thepolicearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedtosincetheearthquakehitthearea.A.havebeenmissingB.missC.bemissedD.havemissed二．动词不定式的被动语态一般式完成式tobedonetohavebeendone不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前1.Sheasked(send)toworkinTibet.她要求被派到西藏去工作。2.Ingeneral,peopledonotlike(makefunof).一般说来，人们都不喜欢被他人取笑。3.Thebookissaid(translate)intomorethan30languages.据说这本书已被翻译成了30多种语言。注意：动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见情形1.名词/代词+be+easy/difficult/fit+动词不定式2.Therebe+名词+todo这周有很多家庭作业要做。3.Sbhave/get/want/need+宾语+todo我有一些椅子要修。4.give/show/buy/lendsbsthtodoHewillshowyouthewaytotake.Pleaselendhimsomebookstoread.5.betoblameforThefirmwastoblamefortheaccident.单选1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposedoutassoonaspossible.A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.SheappearsEverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold3.Whenelephantseathugequantitiesofleavesandgrasses,otheranimalshavetroublefindingenoughfood.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.toeatD.beingeaten4.Inmanypeople’sopinion,theCEOofthecompany,thoughrelativelyyoung,ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith三．动词不定式作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.3Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）/Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.//Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.//It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.练习：1.basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.ToknowD.Beingknown2.Accordingtothedoctor,wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.employingC.toemployD.employs4.takesconfidencetomakeanewstart——there’sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou’areneitheronethingnortheother.A.ThatB.ThisC.OneD.It5.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade四，动词不定式作宾语1.常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.2.it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．3.Subject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1)Wethought_it__better__to_startearly..2)Doyouconsider_it__betternot_to_go?3)Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat.4)Wethink_it_important_to_obeythelaw.4.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.//Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook//.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.5.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过meantodo打算做meandoing意味做41).InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A_therhour.A.waitingB.towaitingC.waitD.tobewaiting2).Boys,don'tforget_D_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose3).Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__Conabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4).Remember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff6.有些动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意思差别不大，如like/love/begin/start/prefer/continue/hate/intendtodo/doing7.feel/find/make/think/believe/considerit+adj./n.+不定式8.advise/decide/discuss/learn/know/show/tell+疑问词+不定式9.①介词but/except/besides+todo②介词but/except/besides前面有实义动词do及其各种形式时，but/except