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用心爱心专心1初中英语语法(动词不定式)1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如towrite)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上tobewriting,tohavewritten),也有被动态(如tobewritten),所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2.不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.2.Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。如:1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.2.Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达:1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview.2.Itisnotdifficultforthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:这类动词常见的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.用心爱心专心23.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish,wouldlike等。Wehopetogettherebeforedark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)1.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remembertodo记住要做某事rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做原来在做的事Irememberseeingyousomewherebefore.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.离开时请记得关好灯。2.不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。如:Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.他发现很难入睡。动词不定式作宾语补足语1.后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,order,teach,tell,want,wish,help等。TheteachertoldustodoExercise1.老师要我们做练习一。Iwantbothofyoutogo.我要你们俩去。Wehelpedher(to)repairherbike.我们帮助她修理自行车。2.使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。Let’shavearest.我们休息一会吧。Isawhimcomein.我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcomedownstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)Isawhimcomingdownstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)用心爱心专心33)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语也是不定式(表示结果):1.Toseeistobelieve.2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用;例如:1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture.2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice.3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如:1.Therewasreallynothingtofear.2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。例如:1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento.4.Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:1.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect.3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending.第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。例如:1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语:1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.2.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.3.Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark.4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark..原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。如:1)Mydog’snameis“Lucky”—agoodnameforhimbecauseIfeelveryluckytohavehim.用心爱心专心42)OnMondayhetoldaradiointerviewerthathehadrunoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.作目的状语:1.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter.2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter.3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam.4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam..目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:1)Inordernottooffendpeople,learningaboutlanguageetiquetteisjustasimportantaslearninggrammarorvocabulary.(p.93)2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogetherto(inorderto/soasto)discussthisquestion.(p.50)todo/inordertodo/soastodo用作目的状语,置句末时都可以用,置句首时只用todo/inordertodo。soastodo一般不置于句首,可以引导结果状语从句,inordertodo不引导结果状语从句。作结果状语:1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians.2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians.3.Hegottothesta
本文标题:1初中英语语法(动词不定式)
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