后现代主义对现代性的批判与超越

张世英(北京大学哲学系,北京100871):,,,,,,,,:;;;;;:B262:A:10005919(2007)01004306:20061028:张世英,男,湖北省武汉人,北京大学哲学系教授一后现代主义孕育于现代性之中,:1970,20,2020,,,,,(modernity),,(postmodernity)(postmodernism),,:(1),,,(2),,,,(3),,,,,,,,,44120071()JournalofPekingUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialSciences)Vol.44,No.1Jan.2007,:,,,;,,[1],;,,,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,(J.F.Lyotard,19241998):,,,,[2]278,[3]25,,,,,,,,,,,,?二后现代主义的特征,,:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5),,,,,,,:,,,,,,(SeininderWelt),,(MichelFoucault,19261984),,,,;44()2007,,[4]19,,,,,,,,,[5]379581,,(,),,,,,,,,,,,,,,[6]175,,,;,,,,[7]337(M.Weber,18641920)[8]143[9]342,,,,,:,,,(WolfgangWelsch)[10]25;,,,,,,,,三德里达对语音中心主义的批判,(phonocentrism),,,,,,,,,,,,,1:45,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,四后现代主义的文艺理论,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,(,),,,,()(),,,,,46()2007,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1]J.Habermas.TheoriedesKommunikativenHandelns[M].FrankfurtamMain:SuhrkampVerlag,1981.[2]Lyotard,WhatisPostmodernism?[A].inPostmodernism:AnInternationalAnthology[M].1991.[3]Lyotard,TheInhuman[M].StandfordUniversityPress,1:471991.[4]福柯.权力的眼睛福柯访谈录[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1997.[5]詹姆斯米勒.福柯的生死爱欲[M].时报文化出版公司,1995.[6]高宣扬.后现代论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.[7]HegelWerke13[M].SuhrkampTaschenbuchVerlag,1986.[8]韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].北京:三联书店,1987.[9]H.H.GerthandC.W.Mills,FromMaxWeber:EssaysinSociology[M].NewYork,1946.[10]WolfgangWelsch,UndoingAesthetics,London,1997.ThePostmodernisticCriticismofModernityZHANGShiYing(DepartmentofPhilosophy,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871China)Abstract:Thedistinguishingcharacteristicsofmodernityareitscriticalspiritandfreecreativity.It,however,movedtowardsitsoppositeduringitsdevelopment.Itlostitsveryown.Thepostmodernismistheselfcriticismandselftranscendenceofmodernity.Thetaskofpostmodernismistoputintoeffectthecriticalspiritandfreecreativityofmodernitythroughandthrough.Themainfeaturesofpostmodernismarecriticismsoftraditionalconceptsofsubjectivity,universalandrationalism,and,inthefinalanalysis,therealizationoffreeandunrestrainedhumanlivingoranaestheticliving.So,themaintopicsofpostmodernismareaestheticsproblemandliteraryandartcriticism.ThearticleillustratesthepostmodernisticcriticismofmodernitywithexampleofDerridascriticismoftraditionalphonocentrism.Theauthormaintainsthatthethroughoutcriticalandselftranscendingspiritofpostmodernismisworthyofgreatpraise,inspiteofitsonesidednessandextremistopinion.Keywords:Modernity;Postmodernism;Subjectivity;Rationalism;Phonocentrism;Transcendingself()48()2007