03 Fluids_Proppants-QAQC

Fracturing:Fluids&ProppantsFluids,Proppant&QAQC压裂液支撑剂及现场质量控制LeeKK李启国WSV-GMTE斯伦贝谢北亚区酸化压裂总工程师CCLTOctober2006FracturingFluidRequirements
Compatibilitywithformationrockandfluids
Viscosity
Requiredforproppanttransport
Controlsfracturenetpressures
Determinesfracturegeometry(viafracturewidth)
Friction
Reducesurfacetreatingpressures.
FluidLoss
Properfracturedesign
Determinesfracturegeometry(viaefficiency)
Other
ControlledBreak
DelayxlinkedCCLTOctober2006ProppantTransportandFrictionLossFrictionPressures31/2TubingFrictionPressures31/2TubingFrictionPressures31/2TubingFrictionPressures31/2Tubing101001000110100Rate(bpm)FrictionPressure(psi/1000ft)WF13028%HCl+FRSXEDGA30030bpmdown8000ftof31/2”tubingFluidMaxPres.(psi)HHPWF13028%HClDGASXE1280192019208000941141214125882CCLTOctober2006TypesofFractureFluids
Water-basedfluids-Lineargels-Cross-linkedfluids
Oil-basedfluids
Multiphaseorfoamedfluids-N2andCO2foams.-Binaryfoams.
ViscoelasticSurfactants-Non-polymericfracturefluidsCCLTOctober2006Crosslinkers•Connectsseveralpolymerchains–Resultsinhighviscosityfluids–Increasedsand/proppanttransportcapability•Typesofcrosslinkers–Boratecrosslinker–Organometalliccrosslinkers:
Titaniumcomplexes
Zirconiumcomplexes
Antimonycomplexes
AluminiumcomplexesCrosslinkerLowViscosityeg:20cpHighViscosityeg:800cpCCLTOctober2006
Refinedguarasgellingagent
Boratecrosslinking(Reversable)
Delaytimeupto12min
Temperature:52-160oC
ControlledbreakFluidSelection–YF100HTDCCLTOctober2006Jilin,Liaohe,MicrobesNorthofChinaDagangEastChinaShell,Changqing,SGECentralChinaTexaco,Xinchang,XOC,TOCWestChinaOperatorOperatorOperatorOperatorAreaAreaAreaAreaHistoryofApplicationinChina:FluidSelection–YF100HTDCCLTOctober2006After0.5min…After3mins…After4mins…After5mins…5200mDelayControltoMinimizeFluidFrictionandShearCCLTOctober2006FluidAdditivesBiocidesClaystabilizers(Short&LongTerm)PolymerinDieselHydrationBufferBufferSurfactantCausticDelayadditivesHightemperaturestabilizersIronControlagentsNon-EmulsifyingAgentCrosslinkerCrosslinkerStabilizer/ActivatorBreaker(StraightorEncapsulated)BreakeraidCCLTOctober2006Breakers
Toreduceviscosityattheendofthejob
Cleanupquickly
Todegradetheviscusfluid
Reduceproppantpackdamage
Breakerscurrentlyusedinwater-basefluids
EnzymeBreakers
OxidativeBreakers
EncapsulatedBreakers
Breakeraid
Breakersusedinoil-basefluidsCCLTOctober2006PostFracCleanupCCLTOctober2006BreakerandConductivitySmall,J.,etal,“ImprovingFractureConductivitieswithaDelayedBreakerSystem:ACaseHistory”,SPE21497(1991).CCLTOctober2006–APwasencapsulatedwithwaterresistantmaterialstoformgrain,whichsizeis20/40.––HighefficiencyofremovingthedamagefromHighefficiencyofremovingthedamagefromgelresidueonthefracturefaceduetothegelresidueonthefracturefaceduetothebreakercannotleakintoformation.breakercannotleakintoformation.FracclosingFracclosingAPAPJ569J569J475J475EncapsulatedBreaker(J569,J475)CCLTOctober2006EncapsulatedBreakers20-40meshBreakerThinpolymercoatingCCLTOctober2006ActualBreakerUsage–AComparisonCCLTOctober2006End-of-StageTemperatureProfileCCLTOctober2006HPHTRheologicalTestYF140HTD@266°F[NoBreaker]YF140HTD@266°F[0.4pptJ218]YF140HTD@266°F[2.5pptJ218]YF140HTD@266°F[10pptJ218+1gptJ318]CCLTOctober2006CrudeCompatibilityTestsYF140HTD(4gptW054){75:25}@200°FYF140HTD(4gptW054){50:50}@200°FYF140HTD(4gptW054){25:75}@200°FCCLTOctober2006Proppant•Sand•Resincoatedsand–precured–curable•Intermediatestrengthproppants•HighstrengthproppantsFracSandIntermediateStrength(ISP)ResinCoated(RCP)Bauxite)CCLTOctober2006•Physicalpropertiesofproppants•Reservoirclosurestress•Drawdownrate•Embedment•Resultantproppedfracturewidth•Long-termdegradation•MovementoftheformationfinesProppantPhysicalPropertiesCCLTOctober2006ProppantPackStrengthCCLTOctober2006StressonProppant=78Mpa–36Mpa~42Mpa(6,000psi)ProppantSelectionforBZ25-1CCLTOctober2006PortableLabforFluidQA/QC•BasicWaterAnalysis•RheologychecksofLineargel(Fann35)•Pre-mixingandpost-mixingcheck•Continuoussamplingtocheckcross-linkWaterAnalysisKitBacteriaContentAnalyzerSieveAnalysisKitPortalDataLoggingSpectrophotometerHotWaterBathAdjustableSpeedBlenderElectronicScaleCCLTOctober2006PortableLabforFluidQA/QCSpaciousCabinetforDocumentsTwoBedsforPersonnelRestingMeetingTablewithProjector&ScreenLabQA/QCCornerCCLTOctober2006SchlumbergerMinimumServiceStandardCCLTOctober2006End