文化差异和翻译策略

LOGOCultureDifferences(EnglishvsChinese)＆TranslationStrategies中西文化差异与翻译策略culturedifferences1.HowmanywinterdayshaveIseenhim,standingblue—nosedinthesnowandeastwind!”(CharlesDickensDavidCopperfield)2.“Butwind’schanginground”,saidtheman,“lookatthesmokeofthattug–easterly–we’llhaveblueskyandrednosestomorrow.”translateShelley–OdetotheWestWind“古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。”(马致远《天净沙·秋思》)“醉乡中，东风唤醒梨花梦”–马致远“咸阳古道音尘绝，音尘绝，西风残照，汉家陵阙。”(李白《忆秦娥》)culturedifferencesCulturedifferencecausedbyGeographicalenvironmentsMoreexamples:挥金如土牛饮班门弄斧小地方中的大人物或矮个子中的高个子……ChinesespendmoneylikewaterdrinklikefishtoteachafishtoswimabigfishinasmallpondallatseahanginthewindthreesheetsinthewindallhandstothepumpsinthesameboatEnglishculturedifferencesTranslatethephrases：力大如牛吹牛老黄牛趾高气昂并驾齐驱Chineseasstrongasahorsetalkhorseawillinghorsegetonone’shighhorsehorseandhorseEnglishculturedifferencesCulturedifferencecausedbyFolkcustomsMoreexamples:胆小如鼠鼠目寸光鸡皮疙瘩蛛丝马迹像猴子一样聪明拦路虎拍马屁棋逢对手Chineseastimidasarabbitasblindasabatgoosefleshsomethingfishyaswiseasanowlalioninthewaylickone’sbootsDiamondcutsdiamondEnglishculturedifferencesCulturedifferencecausedbyFolkcustomsMoreexamples:风烛残年雨后春笋易如反掌小菜一碟幸运儿一箭双雕山中无老虎，猴子称大王。ChinesehaveonefootinthegravetogrowlikemushroomsaseasyasABCapieceofcakealuckydogTokilltwobirdswithonestoneInthelandoftheblind,theone-eyedmanisthekingEnglishculturedifferences1.Nobodycouldbetoofoolishthisday.2.Itisimpossibletooverestimatethevalueoftheinvention.Translatethese:1.今天,无论你怎样出洋相,都不算过分.2.这项发明的价值无论怎样估计也不会太高.Translation：culturedifferencesWesternersPreferringabstractness（抽象思维）Thinkinginlinearway（直线思维）FrequentlyusingcomplicatedsentencesDifferentiatingsubjectandobjectstrictlyHypotaxis(形合）summaryCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingwaysChinesePreferringimagination（形象思维）Thinkingincircularway（曲线思维）PerferringsimplesentencesImplicitsubjectandobjectParataxis(意合)culturedifferencesimaginationvsabstractness胸有成竹开门见山桃李满天下锅碗瓢盆Translation：tohaveawell-thought-outplan\tohaveareadyplaninmind;tocomestraighttothepoint;One’spupilsordisciplesareallovertheworld;cookingutensilsexamplesCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingwaysculturedifferenceslinearwayvscircularwaye.g.Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:longingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Translation：渴望爱、寻求知识和对人类苦难的深切同情，这是支配我的生活的三种简单而无比强烈的情感。examplesCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingwaysculturedifferencescomplicatedsentencesvssimplesentencese.g.Translationisanart,whichdistinguishesgoodfromundistinguishedwritingandisthecreative,theintuitive,sometimestheinspired,levelofthetranslation.Translation：翻译是一门艺术，它识优辨劣，是一种创造性的、凭直觉的，有时是闪烁灵感的翻译。examplesCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingwaysculturedifferencesdealingwiththerelationshipbetweensubjectandobject(处理主客体的关系)e.g.1.IthaslongbeenmaintainedthatitwasonlyduringhisHarvardgraduateyearsthatEliotdevelopedhisinterestinprimitivecultures.2.近年来热情的读者纷纷致函各地方报纸，对北京的城市建设提出了种种建议。examplesCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingways1.人们长期以来坚持认为，艾略特对原始文化的兴趣是他在哈佛读研究生的岁月里培养起来的。2.InrecentyearslocalnewspapershavebeensprinkledwithpassionatelettersadvisingvarioussuggestionsontheurbanconstructionofBeijing.culturedifferenceshypotaxis（形合）vsparataxis（意合）e.g.1.Ican’ttrusthim,becauseheisnothonest.2.Themonksmayrunaway,butthetemplecannotrunaway.3.Ifyouaredead,Iwillbeamonk.Translation：1.他不老实，我不能信任他。2.跑了和尚，跑不了庙。3.你死了，我就做和尚。（《红楼梦》）examplesCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingwaysculturedifferenceshypotaxis（形合）vsparataxis（意合）e.g.4.Ithadbeenafine,goldenautumn,alovelyfarewelltothosewhowouldlosetheiryouth,andsomeofthemtheirlives,beforetheleavesturnedagaininapeacetimefall.Translation：examplesCulturedifferencescausedbyThinkingways那是个天气晴朗、金黄可爱的秋天，对于那些在和平时期的秋天树叶再度转黄之前将要失去青春、有的要失去生命的人们是一个动人的送别。那是个天气晴朗、金黄可爱的秋天，动人的秋色为那些青年们送别。待到站后和平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，当日的青年已经失去了青春，有的失去了生命。culturedifferencestranslatethefollows:谋事在人，成事在天。犹大之吻(口蜜腹剑)唯一致命的弱点(希腊神话)比喻被人当作工具来使用，或受人愚弄的人，不能翻译成猫的爪子(《伊索寓言》)进退维谷(《荷马史诗》)潘多拉的盒子，指无穷的灾难ChineseManproposes,Goddisposes.aJudaskissAchilles'heelcat'spawbetweenScyllaandCharybdisPandora'sboxEnglishculturedifferences1.ThereismoreofSampsonthanofSolomoninhim2.CastPearlsbeforeSwine3.YouarejustadoubtingThomas.Youwon’tbelievewhatItellyou.4.Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybeingsbegintobreathe.Translation:1.他四肢发达,头脑简单。2.对牛弹琴3.你这个人真多疑,我说什么你都不信。4.老师是创造的见证人,目睹生命呼吸成长。examplesCulturedifferencescausedbyReligiousbeliefsandhistoricalallusions1234geographicalenvironmentsfolkcustomsthinkingwaysreligiousbeliefsandhistoricalallusionCulutureDifferencessummaryHowtodealwithcultureelementsinEnglish-Chinesetranslationprocesses?Translationstrategies以目的语文化为归宿(targetlanguagecultureoriented)。一般做法是抓住原文语用意义,从目的语中选取与原文语用意义相同的表达来翻译。是语言形式上或者语言形式所负载的文化内涵倾向于目的语的翻译策略。总的说来,就是反对引入新的表达法,使语言本土化。其长处就是能使译文读上去或听上去更通顺地道,能给读者带来一种亲切感。Domestication(归化)以源语文化为归宿(sourcelanguagecultureoriented),提倡译文应尽量去适应、遵从源语文化及原作者的遣词用句习惯，保留源语的异国情调。也就是不改变原文的文化、语言、文体等特征传达原文的内容，要求读者向作者靠拢，适应原文。Foreignization(异化)domesticatingmethod替代法(alternative)意译法（freetranslation）归化策略异化策略(foreignzingmethod)直