Unit_9_Insurance

Unit9InsuranceWhatyoushouldknow?DefinitionofMarineInsuranceRisks,lossesandexpensesMarineinsuranceconvergeDefinitionofMarineInsuranceMarineinsuranceisdefinedasacontractofinsurancewherebytheinsuranceinreturnforpremiumscollectedundertakestoindemnifytheinsuredinamannerandtotheextenttherebyagreed,againstmarinelosses,thatistosay,thelossesincidentaltomarineadventure.Coverageforgoodsintransitandthevehiclesoftransportationonwaterways,land,andair.Nowmarineinsuranceisappliedfromwarehousetowarehouse.(W-W)Thepeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChina(PICC)PartiesinMarineInsuranceInsurer(保险人）:thepartywhoinsuresothersagainstlossordamageandundertakestomakepaymentcoveringtheloss.Theinsured（被保险人）:thepartywhoisinsuredagainstlossandtowhompaymentcoveringthelosswillbemade.Aninsurancebroker（保险经纪人）:thepartywhoisinstructedtoeffecttheinsuranceonbehalfoftheinsuredwiththeinsurer.Risks,LossesandExpensesIninternationaltrade,risk,lossandcoveragearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.MarineRisks（风险）Definition:Therisksthatthecargomayencounterintransit.TypesPerilsofthesea(海上风险）-Naturalcalamities（自然灾害）-Fortuitousaccidents（意外事故）Extraneousrisks（外来风险）-Generalextraneousrisks（一般外来风险）-Specialextraneousrisks（特殊外来风险）PerilsoftheSea（海上风险）Perilsoftheseaarethosecausedbynaturalcalamitiesandfortuitousaccidents.1.NaturalCalamities（自然灾害）:Disasterssuchasvileweather,thunderandlightning,tsunami,earthquake,floods,etc.2.Fortuitousaccidents（意外事故）:Accidentssuchasshipstranded,strikingupontherocks,shipsinking,shipcollision,collidingwithicebergsorotherobjects,fire,explosion,shipmissing,etc.ExtraneousRisks（外来风险）Extraneousrisksareriskscausedbyextraneousreasons,consistingofgeneralextraneousrisksandspecialextraneousrisks.1.Generalextraneousrisks（一般外来风险）:theftorpilferage,rain,shortage,contamination,leakage,breakage,taintofodor,dampness,heating,rusting,hooking,etc.2.Specialextraneousrisks（特殊外来风险）:warrisks,strikes,non-deliveryofcargo,refusaltoreceivecargo,etc.Losses（损失）Definition:Marinelossesarethedamagesorlossesoftheinsuredgoodsincurredbyperilofthesea.TypesTotalLoss(全部损失）-Actualtotalloss（实际全损）-Constructivetotalloss（推定全损）PartialLoss（部分损失）-Generalaverage（共同海损）-Particularaverage（单独海损）TotalLoss（全部损失）Actualtotalloss（实际全损）:Theactualtotallossoccurswheretheinsuredgoodshavebeentotallylostordamaged,orfoundtobetotallyvaluelessonarrival.Constructivetotalloss（推定全损）:Constructivetotallossisfoundinthecasewhereanactualtotallossappearstobeunavoidableorthecosttobeincurredinrecoveringorreconditioningthegoodstogetherwiththeforwardingcosttothedestinationnamedinthepolicywouldexceedtheirvalueonarrival.PartialLoss（部分损失）PartialLossreferstothelossofpartofaconsignment.1.Generalaverage（共同海损）Itmeansthatwhichevershipperlosesallorpartofhiscargo,alltheotherswillclubtogethertorecompensehimforhisloss.Note:Allpoliciestheinsuredtakeoutautomaticallycoverthemagainstit.2.Particularaverage（单独海损）Itisapartiallosswhichissufferedbytheonewhosegoodsarepartlylostordamaged.Note:-Otherinterestsinthevoyagearefreeofcharge.-Thecargoownerwhosegoodsweredamagedlookstohisinsurancecompanyforpayment,providedhispolicycoversthespecifictypeoflosssuffered.Expenses(费用）1.Sueandlaborexpenses（施救费用）-Theseexpensesaretheexpensesarisingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbytheinsured,theemployeeandtheassignee,etc.forminimizingoravoidinglossescausedbytheriskscoveredintheinsurancepolicy.-Theinsurerisheldresponsibletocompensateforsuchexpenses.Salvagecharges（救助费用）Salvagechargesareexpensesresultingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbyathirdpartyotherthantheinsured,theemployeeandtheassignee,etc.MarineInsuranceCoverages（海洋运输货物保险险别）InsuranceCoveragetypes(AccordingtoPeople’sInsuranceCompanyofChinaOceanMarineCargoClauses)-BasicInsuranceCoverage（基本险别）-AdditionalInsuranceCoverage（附加险别）TypesofBasicInsuranceCoverageFreefromParticularAverage(F.P.A.)平安险WithParticularAverage(W.P.A.)水渍险AllRisks一切险Note:IncaseofF.P.A.,orW.P.A.,oneorseveralkindsofExtraneousRisksmaybecoveredinaddition.FreefromParticularAverage(F.P.A.)平安险1.TotalorconstructiveTotalLossofthewholeconsignmentcausedbynaturalcalamities-heavyweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeandfloods.（自然灾害导致的全部损失）2.TotalorPartialLosscausedbyaccidents-thecarryingconveyancehasbeengrounded,stranded,sunkorincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjectsasfireorexplosion.（由以外事故导致的全部损失和部分损失）Partiallossoftheinsuredgoodsattributabletoheavyweather,lightningand/ortsunami,wheretheconveyancehasbeengrounded,stranded,sunkorburnt.（在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，又遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。）4.Partialortotallossconsequentonfallingofentirepackageorpackagesintoseaduringloading,transshipmentordischarge.(在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件货物落海造成的全部或部分损失。5.ReasonablecostincurredbytheInsuredinsalvagingthegoodsoravertingorminimizingalossrecoverableunderthePolicy.（施救费用）6.Lossesattributabletodischargeoftheinsuredgoodsataportofdistressfollowingaseaperilaswellasspecialchargesarisingfromloading,warehousingandforwardingofthegoodsatanintermediateportofcallorrefuge.(运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失，以及在中途港、避难港由于卸货、存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。）7.SacrificeinandContributiontoGeneralAverageandSalvageCharges.（共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助