topic-sentence-writing

3/5/2020英语写作A2方晓延Tel:13437192183E-mail:[e-mail]m1914to1918primarilybetweentwoEuropeanPowerblocs:the“TripleAlliance”(同盟国),GermanyandAustria-Hungary(奥匈帝国),andItaly;the“Allies”(协约国),Britain,FranceandRussia.DuringthewarBritainlostoveramillionpeople.Apartfromthelossofmanpower,therehadbeenaconsiderabledisruptionoftheeconomyandsociety.OutofthewarsettlementcametheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations(国际联盟).BritaininthetwoWorldWarsCourserequirementsPerfectattendance:nounexplainedabsence,10pointswillbedeductedforeachabsence;askingforleavelessthanthreetimes,oryourregulargradewillbezero;WorldWarIwasfoughtfrom1914to1918primarilybetweentwoEuropeanPowerblocs:the“TripleAlliance”(同盟国),GermanyandAustria-Hungary(奥匈帝国),andItaly;the“Allies”(协约国),Britain,FranceandRussia.DuringthewarBritainlostoveramillionpeople.Apartfromthelossofmanpower,therehadbeenaconsiderabledisruptionoftheeconomyandsociety.OutofthewarsettlementcametheestablishmentoftheLeagueofNations(国际联盟).BritaininthetwoWorldWarsGoodefficiencylistencarefully,andwritedownimportantnotes;5pointswillbedeductedifyoutalk,sleepordootherassignments;Greatperformancesuccessfulpairworks/teamworks;efficientinteractionwithteacher;Bonuspointswillbegottenaccordingtoyourperformance.Assessment•30%:Attendance(10%)Participationinclassroomactivities(10%)Assignments(10%)•70%:Finalexamination3/5/2020写作训练的思路写一完整的句子:句子的完整句子的连贯句子的简洁句子的多样化主题句,扩展句,结论句设计一个段落:基础写作读写任务Page6写一个完整的句子这几句是正确的句子吗?如果你认为有误,该怎么改?1.Themeetingwilluntil3:00.2.Workhard,youwillsucceed.3.Ihaveabrother,whoisadoctor.4.Thereareonly4studentstakepartintheclass.lastand^^^whotaking/totakePage7句子的分类简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子.并列句:主谓结构+连词(and,but,so,or……)+主谓结构(或更多的主谓结构)复合句:引导词+主谓结构,主谓结构(从句)(主句)Page8五种基本的简单句1.主语+不及物动词2.主语+及物动词+宾语Birdsfly.Busesrunfromdawntillmidnight.Wearestudyinghard.Wehavereadmanybooks.Theydoshoppingattheweekend.WearelearningEnglish.Page93.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Wearestudents.Hebecameascientist.Thatsoundsgood.HegaveTomapresent.Heofferedmeajob.Wemadehimourmonitor.Themanagerthinkstheplanpractical.Hewillhavehisbikerepaired.Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherlikethat.Whatisaparagraph?•Aparagraphisagroupofrelatedsentencesdevelopingasingletopic.•Aparagraphisanaturalcomponentofacompletearticle.Aparagraphisrelativelyself-independentinstructureandidea.Soaparagraphisoftenregardedasamini-essay.Page11LengthofParagraphsParagraphsvaryinlength.Experiencedwritersusuallytrytovarythelengthoftheirparagraphssoastoavoidmonotony.Thelengthofaparagraphdependsonitstopic,itspositionintheessayanditsroleinthedevelopmentofthethesisstatement.Alongparagraphexpressesacomplexideawhileashortonemakesamajortransition,anemphaticstatement,orasummary.Page12FundamentalFeaturesofanEffectiveParagraphacentralideasupportingevidencecloseconnectionbetweenthesentencesPage13TypesofparagraphsIntroductoryparagraphBodyparagraph/supportingparagrapha:paragraphwithatopicsentenceb:paragraphwithoutatopicsentenceConclusiveparagraph(notallaritcleshavetheirconclusivepara.s,exceptessaysandresearchpapers)Transitionalparagraph(Itfunctionstransitionbetweentwoparagraphs.Itusuallyretrospectsandsummerizestheformerpara.sandsuggeststhefollowingones)Page14QualitiesofEffectiveParagraphs1.Unity:concernedwithitscontent;allthesentencesinthepara.leadtoonecentralthemewhichisusu.summarizedinwhatiscalledthetopicsentence.2.Coherence:concernedwithitsformoritsorganization;allthesentencesshouldbearrangedinaclear,logicalorder&thetransitionsshouldbesmoothandnatural.3.Comepleteness/Well-developement.Page15UnityAllsentencesinapara.shouldservetosupportthemainideaandirrelevantsentencesshouldbeavoided.Page16SampleMynameisRoseanna,andIliketokeepphysicallyfit.Iusedtoweightwohundredpounds,butIjoinedtheYMCAforanexerciseclassanddietprogram.InoneyearIlosteightypounds.Ifeelmuchbetterandneverwanttohavethatmuchweightonmyfive-feetframeagain.EverydayIpracticejoggingthreemiles,swimmingfifteenlaps,liftingtwenty-poundweightsandplayingtennisforonehour.Page17coherenceTwosides:1)coherenceinthoughts(logicalrelationinidea)2)coherenceinform(useofnecessarytransitionalwordsorphrases)Page181）coherenceinthoughtscommonlogicalorganizationsofthoughts:A.chronologicalarrangementB.spatialarrangementC.arrangementofimportanceD.general-to-specificarrangementE.specific-to-generalarrangementPage192）coherenceinformThelogicofarticleisoftenrealizedwiththehelpoftransitionalwords/phrases.Page20Walter'sgoalinlifewastobecomeasuccessfulsurgeon.First,hehadtogetthroughhighschool,soheconcentratedallhiseffortsonhisstudies---inparticular,biology,chemistry,andmath.Becauseheworkedconstantlyonthesesubjects,Walterbecameproficientinthem;however,Walterforgotthatheneededtomasterothersubjectsbesidesthosehehadchosen.Asaresult,duringhisjunioryearofhighschool,WalterfailedbothEnglishandLatin.Consequently,hehadtorepeatthesesubjectsandhewasalmostunabletograduateonschedule.Finally,onJune6,Walterachievedthefirststeptowardrealizinghisgoal.SamplePage21Sampleanalysis本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitionalwordsorphrases)，另一种