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英语句子七种基本成分英语句子有七种基本成分分别为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。这七种成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、表语及补语为句子主杆,定语、状语为分枝,与汉语有点相近。汉语中没有表语,因为汉语中的名词和形容词是可以作谓语的,而英语中名词与形容词是不可以的,英语中的名词和形容词只能跟在连系动词后作表语,构成系表结构相当于谓语。一.主语:句子的主体,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词(过去分词除外)、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句(主语从句)来充当。Englishisalanguagespokenallovertheworld.(名词)Idon'tlikethewayyouspeak.(代词)Tomasteralanguageisnotasdifficultasitissaid.(非限定动词短语)Whathesaidmadehisfriendunhappy.(从句)二.谓语:主体的行为、动作或状态,由限定动词来充当。情态动词和助动词不能单独构成谓语,助动词必须和主动词一起构成复合谓语,情态动词要与不带“to”的不定式一起构成复合谓语。Thepolicefinallyfoundthemissingboy.(单个动词作谓语)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkalldayyesterday.(复合谓语)Youcan'texpecttheworldthewayyouwant.(复合谓语)三.宾语:主体行为动作的对象或内容,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词(过去分词除外)、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句(宾语从句)来充当。Theyarelookingforabetterwaytocutdownthecost.(名词短语)Mostchildrenenjoyplayinggames.(非限定动词短语)Canyoutellmewhyyoudidnotcometoschoolyesterday?(从句)四.定语:对句中的名词或代词起修饰或限定作用,由名词、形容词、非限定动词、短语或从句(定语从句)来充当。Wehavemoreboystudentsthangirlstudentsinourclass.(名词)Dolphinisoneofthemostbeautifulcreaturesunderwater.(形容词)AdoctorfromBeijingwillbearrivingtomorrow.(介词短语)Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneydiscoveredinthelibrary.(过去分词短语)IstillrememberthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewithmygrandparents.(定语从句)五.状语:对句子中的动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子起修饰作用表明事物的状态或逻辑关系,可以由副词、非限定动词、短语或从句(状语从句)充当。Soundtravelsmuchfasterthananairplanebutlighttravelsevenfasterthansound.(修饰动词和副词)Sheisextremelybeautifulinthisdress.(修饰形容词)WhenIwasyoungIusedtoreadfairytales.(修饰句子)六.补语:对句中的宾语起补充说明作用,也叫宾语补语,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语来充当。Wemadehimcaptainofourfootballteam.(名词)Theworkersfounditimpossibletofinishtheprojectintwoweeks(形容词)Whenshewokeupatmidnightshefoundthelightstillon.(副词)Marythoughtshehadn’tmadethestudentsunderstandingherclearly.(非限定动词)七.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语及从句(表语从句)来充当。SocialnetworkingsareavailabletoallstudentsinChinatoday.(形容词)Acomputermouseisnotasmallanimalthatlivesinbuildingsandopenfields.(名词短语)Seeingisbelieving.(非限定动词)Whatshecouldn'tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(表语从句)
本文标题:英语句子七种基本成分
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