高考英语语法填空解题思路

语法填空解题技巧解题步骤（宗旨——先语境、后语法）：（1）把握文章大意；（2）分析句子结构、理解句子意义；（3）运用语法知识、结合解题思路答题；（4）分析考点核实答案。要做到________、____、____、____、和________五方面结合；注意大小写！篇章语境句意语法思路考点分析给出动词给出提示词的题给出名词/形容词/副词不作谓语作谓语：考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致词类转换作非谓语语法填空解题思路（一）：填todo填doing填done作主语/宾语:表习惯/一般情况作目的/结果/形容词后的状语:与逻辑主语是主动关系/动作正在进行表具体情况填todo作定/状语/补语:与逻辑主语是被动关系/动作已完成填doing作表/定/补语:作主/宾语:填形容词填名词饰动词/形容词/副词/句子作状语在冠词/形'物'代词后或“冠词+形容词”后填名词填副词词性不变，词义也不变填该词的比较等级词性不变，词义相反加否定/反义的前/后缀表动作发生在将来填todo1.缺主语或宾语2.作主/宾/表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前，填冠词填形容词性物主代词、指示代词填不定代词3.名词/代词/动名词在句中不作主/表，也不作动宾时，4.两个或几个单词或短语间没连词，5.两句(一个主谓关系算一句)间没连词，也没分号/句号，语法填空解题思路（二）：纯设空题填代词前面填介词填并列连词填限定词填从属连词6.若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词/表强调或倒装的助动词(do/does/did等)给出提示词的题考点归纳：（1）谓语的时态、语态、语气、人称和数（2）非谓语：todo;doing;done（3）词类转换：转换成名词、形容词、副词（4）形容词和副词的比较等级（5）变否定或反义的前、后缀纯设空题考点归纳：（1）代词：人称、物主、指示、反身、不定（2）冠词：a/an/the（3）介词（4）连词：并列、从属（5）情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词注意：连续3年都没考查的考点（1）给出提示词的题：谓语的被动语态；名词：变否定或反义的前、后缀；（2）纯设空题：物主代词、指示代词、反身代词；并列连词；情态动词、表强调或倒装的助动词；注意其构成、数和所有格；首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。1.缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。1.Whatwasworse,[19]____wasalreadydarkwhenIarrivedathishouse.(12汕头监测)it2....themanundressed[24]________immediatelyanddoveintothewaterforhissword.(12金山、揭阳一中联考)himself2.名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词、形容词性物主代词或some,any,other,another,either,neither,less,more,little,few,many,much等。1.Afterhearingtheevidence,thejudgeaskedthemantodrop[24]____25-centcoinontheground.(12广州调研)a2.Shewassodistressedaboutthemiseryofpoorpeoplethatsheleft[31]____finehometospendherlifeintheslumsofChicago.(10惠州一模)her3.Manymeanshadbeentriedbut[22]_____ofthemweregoodenoughtocatchtherats.(11惠州一模)none3.名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。4.若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填并列连词。JaneAdamswasalsoactiveinfighting[35]______theuseofchildlaborandwar.(10惠州一模)againstIsoonfoundthatthekeyVernongavemecouldnotunlockeitherthefrontdoor[20]____thebackdoor.(12汕头监测)or5.若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列或从属连词。1.In1931,janeAdamswasawardedtheNobelPrizefor[40]______shehaddoneforsociety.IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.(10惠州一模)what2.TheOldLibrarytodaycontainsabout13,000manuscriptsandmorethan800,000books,[90]_____manyofthemarevery[91]valuable(value).(12执信期末考试)and6.若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。IexplainedthatwhileIdidn’tcarryanycash,I[36]____happentohaveanewblanket,andaskedhimifhecoulduseit.Hewasthrilled.(10茂名一模)did7.若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大，即使考，也是些常见的简短的副词)。Hewasupright,loyalandhighlyrespected.[18]_________,hewasdismissedfromoffice.(11汕头四校联考)However(1)由itis…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。…and[40]____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!(09广州一模)_______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.注意：根据特殊句式的结构来判断空格应填的词。itOnly(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,had等，还是填do,does,did等。(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的的句式判断，空格处是否填it。1.Lastyear,mydaughterwasdiagnosedwithleukemia(白血病).Itisstillhardtowritethatword.[16]____isevenhardertosayitoutloud,becauseitfeelslikethatwillmakeitmorereal.(11汕头质量监测)2.Andthosewhofind[17]____difficulttoaddupthenumbershouldn’tfeeltoohopeless...(12六校联考)Itit(4)so/such…that…句型。They[16]werecarried(carry)nearlyonemile,butwereletdownsogently[34]______noneofthethreewasseriouslyinjured.(11佛山二模)that(5)more…than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares[40]_____howmuchhepays.(深圳宝安期末)thanBeinggoodatmathematicsmaybeentirelypre-destined—youeitherhaveit[16]_____youdon’t.(12六校联考)or(6)either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso句型。代词代词考点归纳：1.人称代词：主格、宾格2.物主代词：形容词性、名词性3.反身代词4.指示代词5.表示“两者”(both/neither/either)或“多者”(all/none/any)的不定代词6.表示“别的，另外的”(another,other,others,theother,theothers)不定代词7.表示“每一”的each和every8.表示“一些”的some和any9.复合不定代词：由every-,some-,any-,no-与-thing,-one,-body等构成的不定代词。10.替代词it,that,those,one11.it的用法1.Roystonand[35]______volunteerscollect,packandgiveoutgiftsandcandy-15tonsoftoysandgoodies[36]donated(donate)byfolksandbusinesses....Angelscomeinallshapes,sizesandcostumes.Andallof[39]______bringhappinessandlittlemiraclesalong,[40]encouraging(encourage)otherstopassthemalong.(10惠州二模)2.Mr.Joneswokeearlyonemorning.Itwasabeautifulmorning,so[16]____wenttothewindowandlookedout.(13惠州二模)otherthemhe3.Tomfeltthathekneweverybody’sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit____________.(全国)themselves4.Ifyourunaftertwoharesatthesametime,youwillcatch_______.neither5.Whenthehorsewiththebellreturnstothebarneachevening,hewillstop23frequently(frequent)tolookback,makingsurethatthe[24]______isn'ttoofarbehindtohearthebell.（11汕头一模）6.Movedbythebeautyofhismusic,thesemenrecognizedexcellenceandrespondedto[25]____.(11广一模)otherit7._____ofuscouldlivewithoutotherpeople.None8.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_____inthecity.that9.Manywillfailtofindjobsorlosethe_____theyhave.ones10.…as[32]___tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists…(08佛山二模)it连词连词考点归纳：1.并列连词:and,when(=andjustatthistime),notonly…but(also)…,neither…nor…;or,otherwise,orelse,either...or;but,yet,not…but…;while;for,so等2.引导状语从句的连词:when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,whenever