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第一节名词(null)大纲要求掌握:一、可数名词与不可数名词二、可数名词的复数形式三、名词的所有格四、名词在句子中的作用一、可数名词与不可数名词名词分可数与不可数两种。可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table,country.或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如family,people,committee,police.不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air,tea,furniture,water.或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work,information,advice,happiness.有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。如room房间(可数),空间(不可数)time时间(不可数),次数(可数)fish鱼(不可数),各种各样的鱼(可数)比较下列例句:Therearenineroomsinthehouse.(房间,可数名词)Thereisn'tenoughroomforusthreeinthecar.(空间,不可数名词)不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。如:一块肉apieceofmeat两条长面包twoloavesofbread三件家具threearticlesoffurniture一大笔钱alargesumofmoney二、可数名词的复数形式可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下:1.一般情况下在名词后加-s.如:girls,books.★浊辅音、元音结尾,s发[z]2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在名词后加-es.如:glasses,boxes,matches,bushes.★以s,x,ch,sh结尾,es发[iz]3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加-es.如:city-cities,country-countries.4.以o结尾的词多数加-es.如:heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos例外。5.f,fe结尾的词,多数变f,fe为v再加-es.如:thief-thieves,leaf-leaves,half-halves,life-lives,wife-wives,knife-knives.少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice.★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses,Japanese,sheep,deer.三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系,起形容词的作用。当名词表示有生命的东西时,所有格一般是在词尾加's.如:Jean'sroom,mydaughter-in-law'sfriends,mydaughters-in-law'sfriends,children'sbooks.如果名词已经有了复数词尾s,则只需加'.如:theteachers'books,myparents'car.时间名词的所有格在后面加's,复数加'.如:today'snewspaper,fiveminutes'walk.当名词表示无生命的东西时,所有格常由“of”短语构成。如:thetopoftheworld,thecoverofthebook,China'scapital.加's或'的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。如:thegrocer's,thetailor's,theSmith's.★名词所有格考试常见部分是名词表示没有生命的东西时,不能直接在其后加's.时间名词所有格在其后加's,或复数名词后直接加'.四、名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语,有时可以作状语。名词、代词或其他结构作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。1.主语是可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。AllroadsleadtoRome.(条条大路通罗马。)Hisbrotherisanindustrialengineer.Thenumberofthestudentsattendingthepartyisincreasing.★thenumberof表示数量,无论后面名词是复数还是单数,谓语动词是单数形式。Two-thirdsoftheshopbelongstome.★two-thirds三分之二几分之几作主语,谓语是单数形式。belongto属于某人BothofusarestudyingEnglish.★总结:在名词作主语时,thenumberof谓语动词单数形式;几分之几,谓语单数形式;both谓语使用复数形式。2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。Allthemoneyhereceivedwasgiventohismother.Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.Whatwearetalkingnowisuseless.3.主语部分若有aswellas,with,togetherwith,like,but,except等短语,谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。Mary,aswellashertwosisters,isastudentofthisschool.(aswellashertwosisters作主语Mary的主语补足语,主语Mary是单数,所以谓语动词用复数形式)Nooneexceptmyfriendsknowsanythingaboutit.4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。Threetimestwoissix.Threekilometersis3,ooometres.(threekilometers作为整体来看)5.Either,neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。NeitherofushasbeentoItaly.HaseitherofthembeentoShanghai?none代表可数的人或东西时,谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,代表不可数的东西时,谓语动词用单数形式。Noneofthestudentshave/hasseenthefilm.Noneofthemoneybelongstome.6.主语由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接时,谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.NeithermyauntnorIamgoingoutthisafternoon.Eitheryouorsheistodothework.7.主语中有and,如果表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数。Thebreadandbutterisnice.8.主语前有manya,morethanone修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。Manyabookhasbeenreadbythestudents.★manyabook=manybooksMorethanonepersonhasbeentotheGreatWall.9.集合名词作主语,当作整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式,当作每个独立的个体看待时,谓语动词用复数。Thecommitteemeetsonceayear.(作为整体)Thecommitteearehavingameetingnow.(作为独立个体)People,police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicehavecometoarresthim.名词部分考试重点1、可数名词与不可数名词里,哪几个词是不可数名词。2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式,单、复数相同的名词。3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'.4、名词在句中的作用,重点掌握刚才的9点。考点测试1.Tendays______longenoughforMr.Cartertofinishhisdesign.Hedoesn'tneedanymore.A.isB.hasbeenC.wasD.hadbeentendays作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)答案A2.Now,manypeopleusethewordMsinsteadofMissorMrs,forexample,beforethenamesof______inbusinessletters.A.womanmanagerB.womenmanagerC.womanmanagersD.womenmanagersnames是复数形式,其后的名词肯定是复数。两个名词变为复数,两个都要变。答案D3.Thenumberofstudentswhofailedthechemistryexamination_____tofifteen.A.haveincreasedB.hasincreasedC.isincreasedD.areincreasingthenumberof谓语动词用单数。答案B4.NeitherJohnnorhisfather_______abletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.havebeenneither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。答案A5.Theroomiseight_______long.A.footB.footsC.feetD.feetsfoot英尺,复数形式feet答案C6.Whenautumncomes,the______oftreesbegintofall.A.leafsB.leafesC.leavesD.leafleaf的复数形式leaves答案C7.Thefloodhasdone_____tothisarea.A.damagesB.manydamagesC.muchdamageD.damaging8.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher______atthemeeting.A.waspresentB.werepresentC.havebeenpresentedD.hasbeenpresentednotonly……butalso谓语动词与相邻名词一致。present呈现,介绍答案A9.Oneofthethingsshewroteabout______lifeonasmallfarmatthebeginningofthecentury.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereoneof谓语用单数。答案B10.Onlyaboutoneoutoftwelveoftheyoungmenandwomenofthiscountry_____collegeeducation.A.receiveB.receivesC.havereceivedD.havebeenreceivedoneoutof谓语用单数形式。答案B11.Neverbefore______somanypeoplebeenengagedinproducinggoodsjustforthecomfortofman.A.hasB.haveC.willD.wouldneverbefore开头,句子倒装。主语somanypeople为复数。engageindoingsth.忙于做某事。答案B12.Atthebusstop_______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytoNorthCarolina.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sitsandwaits主语asoldierandtwoyoungpeople为复数答案A13.There______thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream.A.goesB.goC.goneD.wasgone主语thelastpiec
本文标题:成人高考专升本英语复习资料
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