人教版新课标 必修一unit 4 语法定语从句讲解课件(共22张PPT)

定语从句必修一一、概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as和关系副词when，where，why。关系词既联系定语从句和它的先行词，同时又充当定语从句中的一个成分(主语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、状语或表语)。相关概念——主句、从句、关系词例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中Thisistheboy.是主句。)定语从句相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(例句中，whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中theboy是先行词。)关系词关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。）1)Therearelotsofpeopleinthereadingroom,andmostof______waslostintheirreading.2)Therearelotsofpeopleinthereadingroom,mostof______waslostinthereading.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.themDA二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中所作的成分指代例句that主语，宾语指物(1)Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)(2)Thetrees(that)weplantedgrowwell.(宾语)指人(1)Thepassengersthatwereinjuredweresenttothenearesthospita.(主语)(2)Thedoctor(that)wesentforarrivedverysoon.(宾语)which主语、宾语(作宾语时可省略)指物(1)Peoplewillneverforgettheaccidentwhichhappenedherelastyear.(主语)(2)Theletter(which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.(宾语)who,whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语指人(1)Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.(主语)(2)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkediscalledTom.(宾语)whose定语指人Thegirlwhoseworkgottheprizeistheyoungestintheclass.(定语)指物Atlastwechosearoomwhosewindowfacedsouth.(定语)whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中作主语或介词的宾语。如：HehaswrittenabookwhosenameI'veforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookthenameofwhichI'veforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookthenamethatI'veforgottenthenameof.=HehaswrittenabookofwhichI'veforgottenthename.用适当的关系代词填空。1．Thegirl______legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.2．Those______wanttoseethefilmpleasewritedownyournameshere.3．Theyaretalkingexcitedlyaboutthewritersandtheirbooks_______interestthem.4．Adictionaryisabook___________givesthemeaningsofthewords.5.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.whosethatthatwhothatthat/which关系代词的选用指物时必须用that而不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，much，little，few，none，theone等不定代词时。Weshouldhandinallthatwehave.(2)先行词前面有all，every，no，some，any，little，much，few，none，theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast以及序数词、形容词最高级等修饰词时。Thisistheonlythingthatwecando.It'sthebestfilmthathasbeenmadeonthesubject.(3)先行词是两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的并列名词或词组时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawandmetduringthetrip.(4)主句是以who，which开头的疑问句时。Whoisthemanthattoldyouthenews?Whoisthemanthatyouspoketo?Whichisthecapthatyouhavedecidedtobuy?1)Thecouplehavearrivedatthepoint______theyneedtobeseparatedforsometime.2)Thisistheverypoint______wemustinsiston.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatCA三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。1、when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Canyoustillrememberthateveningwhenwemetforthefirsttime？你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？DoyouknowthedatewhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded？你知道中华人民共和国成立的日子吗？2、where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThisistheuniversitywhereGrandpastudied30yearsago.这是爷爷30年前就读过的大学。注意：关系副词where引导的定语从句有时先行词不是具体的地点名词,而是抽象名词position,stage,situation,case,occasion等。如：Hegotintoasituationwhereitwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.他陷入了一种难以分辨是非的局面。3、why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Thereasonwhyherefusedthejobwasthathethoughtthesalarywastoolow.他拒绝那份工作的原因是他觉得工资太低了。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellittohisfather.我不知道他没有把这件事告诉他父亲的原因。..4、由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词＋名词”，即“when＝on/in/during...(time);where＝in/at/on...(place);why＝for...(reason)”，因此关系副词可换为“介词＋which”引导定语从句。如：Thatisthedaywhen/onwhichhedidtheexperiments.这就是他做实验的那一天。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichmyfatherusedtolive.这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。Thatisthereasonwhy/forwhichheisleavingverysoon.那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。注意：在“介词＋which”结构中，介词的选择取决于which所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词短语与介词的搭配关系。如：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(固定搭配turntosb.（forsth.）表示“（就某事或某物）求助于某人”)Thisisthefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedthreeyearsago.(搭配：onafarm)Hecan'tforgetthatmomentwhen/atwhichhesawhislong-lostchild.(搭配：atthatmoment)5、当表示人的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以用whom也可以用who和that，且可以省略；但当动词短语的介词提前时，就一定要用whom，且不能省略。如：He'sthesinger(whom/who/that)welike.他是我们喜欢的歌手。He'sthemantowhomshetalkedyesterday.他是她昨天与之交谈的人。【例】Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths________thesailingtimewas226days.A．ofwhichB．duringwhichC．fromwhichD．forwhich用适当的关系副词或“介词＋which/whom”填空。1．Iwillneverforgettheday________________Iorganizedabirthdaypartyformymother.2．Wehaven’tfoundagoodplace________________wearegoingtoplaceournewsofa.3．Thereason_____________herefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn’tgivehimaninvitationearlier.4．Theconferenceinvitedthescholar____________thearticlereferred.5．Tombrokehisglasses，__________________hecouldseenothingatall.when/onwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhichtowhomwithoutwhich【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whomAC【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.why