高考英语简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

1简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）Whatwearegoingtodohasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语：Westudyforthepeople.2)复合谓语：IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Wearereadingbooks.HehasgonetoBeijing..3、表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。Mysisterisanurse.Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Therulermustbeinyourbox.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，WelikeEnglish.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Itbegantorain.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。Hegavemesomeink.有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：Wemakehimourmonitor(班长).5、宾补:就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的IseeyoucrossingthestreetHisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypainted（涂漆）theirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefresh（新鲜的）airin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）2Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。Heisanewstudent.但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroom/overthere/ismine.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadeveloping（发展中）country;Americaisadeveloped（发达）country.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）Hisprogress（进步）inEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitor（班长）isalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Heisreadinganarticle(文章)abouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）7、状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLondon.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heissorrytotrouble(麻烦)you.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Once（一旦0youbegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice（建议）.9.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed（注意到）amanentertheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.3简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构主语＋不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构主语＋连系动词＋表语S十V十O主谓宾结构主语＋及物动词＋宾语S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构基本句型一：S十V主谓结构[讲解](1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree,lie,work,argue,belong,come,go,reply等。(2)不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agreewith,liein,workat,belongto,comeacross,goto等。(3)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin,sell,write,wash,answer,read等。例如：Themeetingbeginsathalfpastnine.(不及物动词)Theprofessorbeganhisspeechdirectly.(及物动词)Thebooksofthiskindsellwellandhewillsellthem.(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。主语和不及物动词(短语)是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。在实际运用中,不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其它相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系。常见的不及物动词有appearapologizearriveargueagreebelongcomediedisappearexistfallhappenoccurtakeplacerisegogetfailfeelfightlooklivelooklistenworkstudyproveremainrestseemstandstaysucceedturnturnout等等。[练习]1.指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.()(2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeakSpanish.()(3)Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.()(4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.()(5)Unfortunately,Ifailedthedrivingtest.()2.在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion.(2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs_____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem.(4)ToimprovemyEnglish,Iworkhard_____it.(5)Look_____thecloudysky!Itisgoingtorain.3.1）Myhead__________.（ache）我头疼。2）Thestudents____________________．（listen）学生们正在听。3)______________________________.我们努力学习。4)Theredsun____________________intheeast.（rise）一轮红日从东方升起。5)TheSecondWorldWar____________________in1939.（breakout）1939年爆发了第二次世界大战。6)Theboy_________________________thewindow.(look)那个男孩朝窗外看去。7)她再次向我道歉。_______________________________________(apologize)8)事故是昨天晚上发生的。_____________________________________49)我们的英语老师教得很好。_____________________________________10)五年前宋杰住在合肥。_____________________________________11)一天,她欢快地走进我的房间。______