2015在职联考英语基本语法 考研英语(二)写作

2015GCT英语基本语法李纹编一、动词动词是整个句子的centre（中心）。谓语centre非谓语（指不是谓语的动词）英语中动词一般都是在中间，源在前对象在后是主动；源在后对象在前是被动。汉语的排列方式比英语的排列方式要多很多，两者排列方式或语法是不一样的，所以汉语比英语要复杂得多。另英语在被动语态中的bysb.可被省略。如：1)他打人。2)人被他打。n.v.n.n.n.v.3)他把人打了。4)人他打了。n.n.v.n.n.v.5)打人了！(注意中文和英文省略主语的区别)例：1)Heishittingagirl.2)Thegirlwashitbyhim.3)Pleasedon'thitthegirl.4)Thereisanappleonthedesk.5)Thebedhasbeenhandeddowninthefamily.6)Ifyouhappentocomeacrossmylostpaperswhileyou'relookingforyourbook,pleaseletmeknowatoncebytelephone.7)Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.动词谓语动词时态、语态虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词的分类语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作二、定语前置定语+名词（或代词）+后置定语前置定语有：形容词，代词，数词，名词，动名词，动词的现在分词，动词的过去分词后置定语有：以a-开头的形容词，介词短语，形容词短语，动词不定式短语，动词的现在分词短语，动词的过去分词短语，定语从句例：1）alanguagedifficulttomaster2）aleaningtowerabout180feethigh3）amanalive4）thefirstbeautifullargelongnewredChineseconcretebridge5)Doyouknowthemantalkingwithablackthere?6)Therewillbemanypeopletohelpyou.7)HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyJules?8)Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.简单句1）一主一谓；Successcomesoutofvariousfactors.2）多主一谓；Persistence,luck,opportunityanddirectionplaytheequallyvitalroleinsuccess.Therealizationofdreamandthepresentationofvaluearewhatworkingcanofferus.3）一主多谓；Museumshavebeenrecordingthehistory,transmittingtheculture,educatingpeopleandentertainingthepublic.并列句由并列词将两个简单句并列起来。连接词如：and/but/or/so/for/when/while/then/still/notonly...butalso/yet/either…or/neither...nor/not...but...等。1）Theelectriccurrentmusthavebeenturnedoff,forthelightwentout.（不是状语从句，陈述间接的、推测性的原因，不放句首）2）Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.3）HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.4）NotthatJohndoesn'twanttohelpyou,butthatit'sbeyondhispower.5）Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.复合句三大：名词性从句；（主/宾/表/同位）形容词性从句；（定）副词性从句（状）六小：主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句定语从句状语从句从句是不是句子？从句不是句子，从句是句子中的某一个成分。它们名称是如何来的？由其位置得来其名称。从句中什么最重要？引导词最重要。（主语）从句+谓语...…vt./prep.+(宾语)从句…be+(表语)从句N.+（同位语）从句（完整句）N./pron.+(定语)从句（不完整句）（状语）从句，主句.That+完整句=N.（主/宾/表/同位）如：接受教育在当代社会变得越来越重要。译：Receivingeducationbecomesincreasinglyvitalincontemporarysociety.That+…iswell-known.=Itiswell-knownthat+…(形式主语从句)Somesaythat+…Thefocusisthat+…Manypeoplefailtorealizethefactthat+…引导主语从句的连接词不只是that，还有：whether+完整句why+完整句when+完整句where+完整句how+完整句whoever+不完整句what+不完整句宾从/表从/同位从的引导词及引导词所充当成分与主从一样。