QC七大法

1WelcometoTrainingforDataAnalysisTools2ApplicationofanalysistoolsISO9000measurementanalysisrequirement-08-S2.1-P1(顧客滿意的量度及監測)-08-S3-P3(品質審查會議)-08-S4-P1(數据分析)-08-S5.1-P1(持續改善)3ApplicationofanalysistoolsThemeasurementandanalysisforcompanyanddepartmentobjective/target.-QA:95%testreportwillbecompletedwithin4daysaftergetrequisitionform.4Commonanalysistools(QC7tools)CheckSheetParetoDiagramCause&EffectDiagramScatterDiagram;StratificationHistogramRunChartControlChart5QualityControlToolsWheretouse:Stage1.Findoutproblems:-Checksheet-Histogram-Paretodiagram-ControlchartStage2.Findoutcauses:-Cause&effectdiagram-Scatterdiagram6QualityControlToolsWheretouse:Stage3.Analyzerootcauseandsolveproblem:-Histogram-Cause&effectdiagram-ScatterdiagramStage4.Checktheeffect:-Checksheet-Paretodiagram-Controlchart7ComputerAidedSoftwareMiniTab“Dataanalysis”software(in-house)MicrosoftExcel8CheckSheetFunction:Adata-gatheringandinterpretationtooltopresent-howoftenaproblemisoccurring-thetypeofproblemoccurringAccomplishedwithasimplelistingofitems.IsfortheParetochartandHistogramchartpreparation9CheckSheetCasestudy-#1dimensionofaplasticpartRange(mm)FrequencySubtotal103.50~103.553103.56~103.608103.61~103.6515103.66~103.7012103.71~103.757103.76~103.803total4810CheckSheetCasestudy-#2customercomplaint:CustomercomplaintJanFebMarJunJulDelivery|||||||||||||||||||||Price|||||||||||||||||Quality|||||||Service|||||||||||TechSupport||/||||||Others||||||||total172214121111ParetoDiagramVilfredoPareto(1848-1923)Italianeconomist-20%ofthepopulationhas80%ofthewealthJuranusedtheterm“vitalfew,trivialmany”.Henotedthat20%ofthequalityproblemscaused80%ofthedollarloss.12ParetoDiagramTrivialmanyDiagram:ABCDEFGHIJVitalfewStudysubjectFrequency13ParetoDiagramTheParatoDiagram,usedtodetermineprioritiesforqualityimprovementactivities,isabarchartthatdisplaytherelativefrequencyofproblemsinaprocessoroperation.BarspresenttherelativefrequencyofaproblemBarsarearrangedindecreasingorder.Acurveissuperimposedtoindicatetheaccumulativepercentofproblem.14ParetoDiagramAParetochartcanbeusedtodecide:WhichsubsetsshouldbesolvedfirstWhichproblemsdeservethemostattention.Toprovideabefore-and-aftercomparison.15ParetoDiagramCasestudy:#1defectsofateapitcherbeforeandafterimprovementFailuretypeFailureQty.BeforeimprovementFailureQty.AfterimprovementCrack2614Deformation32Scratch206Burrs62Shrinkage51Dirty4316ParetoDiagramOthersDirtyShrinkageBurrsScratchCrack346616264.96.69.89.826.242.6100.095.188.578.768.942.66050403020100100806040200DefectCountPercentCum%PercentCountParetoChartforDefectstypeBeforeimprovementAfterimprovementDeformationBurrsShrinkageDirtyScratchCrack22336146.76.710.010.020.046.7100.093.386.776.766.746.73020100100806040200DefectCountPercentCum%PercentCountParetoChartforDefectstype17ParetoDiagramCasestudy:#2Customerreturnqty&costModelReturnQty.UnitpriceTotalpriceA63452835B11011112210C2863917892D471075029E1978914991F6200120018ParetoDiagramCasestudy:#2Customerreturnqty&cost.OthersADBEC1200283550291221014991178922.25.29.322.527.733.0100.097.892.583.360.733.050000400003000020000100000100806040200DefectCountPercentCum%PercentCountModelcausedthemostcustomerreturn19CauseandeffectdiagramFunction:Identifythepossiblerootcauses,thebasicreasons,foraspecificeffect,problem,orcondition.Sortoutandrelatesomeoftheinteractionsamongthefactorsaffectingaparticularprocessoreffect.Analyzeexistingproblemssothatcorrectiveactioncanbetaken.20CauseandeffectdiagramEffectManMachineMaterialEnvironmentMethodDiagram:21CauseandeffectdiagramThecauseandeffectdiagramisalsocalledthefishbonechartbecauseofit’sappearance.Exampleofskeletonconstruction:-Method,Machine,Material,Man-Equipment,Procedures,People,Policies22CauseandeffectdiagramCasestudy-#1:ThecauseofthePizza’stasteBakingtemperature/timeBreadtypeBakingpowdertypeRecipePizzaovensettingFrozentimePizzaovenoperation23CauseandeffectdiagramCasestudy-#1:ThecauseofthePizza’stastePizzaTasteManMachineMaterialmethodEnvironmentBreadtypeBakingtemp./timePizzaovensettingTemp&HumidityPizzaFrozentimePizzaovenoperationCause&EffectdiagramBakingpowdertypeRecipe24CauseandeffectdiagramCasestudy-#2:CustomerdissatisfactionProductquality-notmeetcustomerrequirement-poorreliabilityService-lateresponseOrderprocessingsystem-complicated25CauseandeffectdiagramCasestudy-#2:CustomerdissatisfactionOrderfulfillment-Delaydelivery-ShortquantityQuotationsystem-Longertime-Highprice26CauseandeffectdiagramCasestudy:#2,MinitabQualitytoolsCause&effect..dissatisfiedCustomerarePerformancenotmeetPoorreliabilityConsumerdislikeitLateresponsedownSeveralwaysComplicatedLongerleadtimeDelaydeliveryShortquantityLongertimeHighpriceProductqualityServiceOrderprocessingsystemOrderfulfillmentQuotationsystemEnvironmentCause-and-EffectDiagram27ScatterDiagramFunction:Tostudyandidentifythepossiblerelationshipbetweenthechangesobservedintwodifferentsetsofvariations.28ScatterDiagramDiagram:VariableXVariableY29ScatterDiagramstrongpositivecorrelationpositivecorrelationstrongnegativecorrelationne