手动变速器基本结构

COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!项目6手动变速器基本结构与原理教学目标1.掌握二轴手动变速器的结构和各档动力传动路线；2.掌握二轴手动变速器的拆装、检修。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述一、变速器的功用实现变速变矩前进档实现倒车倒档实现中断动力传动空档COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述看看变速器的录像。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述二、变速器类型1.按传动比的变化方式有级变速器：采用齿轮传动，具有若干个定值传动比。无级变速器：传动比是连续变化的。综合式变速器：部分无级式的2.按操纵方式手动变速器(MT)：自动变速器(AT)：手动自动一体变速器：COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述本部分介绍的变速器是手动、有级、普通齿轮变速器，其基本组成包括：变速传动机构：改变转矩的大小和方向操纵机构：实现换档COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述三、普通齿轮传动的基本原理1.传动比i12=n1/n2=z2/z1i121，减速；i121，增速。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述对于多级传动：i14=?i12=n1/n2=z2/z1i34=n3/n4=z4/z3i14=i12i34=n1/n4=(z2z4)/(z1z3)i=n输入/n输出=T输出/T输入COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.1变速器概述2.档位分析i1，减速档，且i越大，档位越低；i=1，直接档；i1，超速档。如捷达王五档变速器的档位情况如下：i1=3.455i2=1.944i3=1.370i4=1.032i5=0.850iR=3.167COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构前面已提及，手动变速器包括变速传动机构和操纵机构两大部分。变速传动机构是变速器的主体，按工作轴的数量(不包括倒档轴)可分为两轴式变速器和三轴式变速器。一、二轴变速器先观看二轴变速器结构与原理的录像，再具体分析典型变速器的具体结构和动力传动路线。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!1.发动机纵向布置的两轴变速器1)传动系布置6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!2)结构6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!3)各档传动路线6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!4)拆装和检修a.齿轮和轴承的检修目视检查齿面是否有斑点，如果斑点轻微可以用油石修磨；如果斑点面积超过15%，则应更换齿轮；检查齿厚，如果齿厚磨损超过0.2mm，则应更换齿轮；检查齿长的磨损，如果磨损超过15%，则应更换齿轮；装好轴承和内座圈后，用百分表检查齿轮与内座圈之间的间隙，如果超标应该更换轴承。注意：齿轮应成对更换。6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!b.输入轴、输出轴的检修目视检查输入轴、输出轴，不应有裂纹，轴径及花键不应有严重磨损，轴上的齿轮不应有断齿和严重磨损，否则应更换；检查轴的径向圆跳动，不应超过0.05mm，否则应更换或校正。6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!c.同步器的检修将同步环压在各自齿轮的锥面上，按压转动同步环时要有阻力，用塞尺测量环齿与轮齿之间的间隙a，如果不符合规定，应更换同步环。6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!2.发动机横向布置的两轴变速器1)结构6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!2)动力传动路线a.一档6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!b.二档6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!c.三档6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!d.四档6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!e.倒档6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!3.其他二轴变速器奥迪100五档变速器。6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!二、三轴变速器的变速传动机构以EQ1092为例。1.基本结构2.各档传动路线6.2手动变速器的变速传动机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!普通齿轮变速器的换档方式有三种：直齿滑动齿轮接合套同步器6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!一、同步器的功用1.功用使接合套与待啮合的齿圈迅速同步，缩短换档时间；且防止在同步前啮合而产生换档冲击。2.无同步器的换档过程以高、低档互换介绍如何换档。6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!1)低档（四档）换高档（五档）2)高档（五档）换低档（四档）6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!二、同步器的构造与工作原理分类：锁环式和锁销式同步器。1.锁环式惯性同步器先观看录像。6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!1)构造6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!2)工作原理a.空档时b.挂档c.锁止d.同步挂档6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!3)装配要点6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!2.锁销式同步器6.3同步器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!先观看录像。6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!一、直接操纵式6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!二、远距离操纵式6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!三、换档锁装置对操纵机构的要求：a)要有自锁装置，防止自动脱档或挂档；b)要有互锁装置，防止同时挂上两个档位；c)要有倒档锁装置，防止误挂倒档。6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!1.自锁装置自锁钢球与自锁弹簧6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!齿端倒斜面6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!减薄齿6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!2.互锁装置6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!BJ2020的自锁、互锁装置6.4手动变速器操纵机构COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICA