独立原则、包容原则、最大实体原则区别

Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA独立原则、包容原则、最大实体原则区别Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA独立原则独立原则：被测要素在图样上给出的尺寸公差与形位公差各自独立，没有关联，各自满足要求的公差原则称为独立原则。解释：图样上给出的每一个尺寸要求和几何（形状、方向或位置）要求均是独立的，应各自满足要求。实际要素的尺寸由尺寸公差控制，与形位公差无关；形位公差由形位公差控制，与尺寸公差无关。检测时各自满足要求即可。适用范围：独立原则主要用于非配合用途的零件。独立原则没有符号，图纸如果未标其他原则要求，则默认为独立原则。应用场合：对形位精度要求严格，而单独加以控制而不允许受尺寸影响的要素；形位精度要求较高，尺寸精度要求低的要素；尺寸精度要求较高，形位精度要求低的要素；形位与尺寸本身无必然联系的要素；形位与尺寸均要求较低的非配合要素；未注形位公差与注出尺寸公差的要素。Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA独立原则如下图，不管实际尺寸为多少，直线度均一样。Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA最大实体和最小实体原则最大实体要求：指实体占有材料最多。在最大实体状态时的尺寸；对外表面（轴、凸台等）最大实体尺寸等于最大极限尺寸，对内表面（孔、槽等）最大实体尺寸等于最小极限尺寸。在公差值后面追加符号M。最小实体要求：指实体占有材料最少。在最小实体状态时的尺寸；对外表面（轴、凸台等）最小实体尺寸等于最小极限尺寸，对内表面（孔、槽等）最小实体尺寸等于最大极限尺寸。在公差值后面追加符号L。举例：轴径为φ10h8（0/-0.022），它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为9.978；孔径为φ10H8（+0.022/0）,它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为10.022。举例：轴径为φ10h8（0/-0.022），它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为9.978；孔径为φ10H8（+0.022/0）,它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为10.022。Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA：两点测量得到的尺寸。最大实体实效尺寸VC：最高点与最低点的尺寸，也即等于最大实体尺寸+形位公差。这里还有一个合成状态尺寸RC，关系如下表。举例：轴径为φ10h8（0/-0.022），它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为9.978；孔径为φ10H8（+0.022/0）,它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为10.022。Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA最大实体和最小实体原则举例：轴径为φ10h8（0/-0.022），它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为9.978；孔径为φ10H8（+0.022/0）,它的最大实体尺寸为10，最小实体尺寸为10.022。最大实体要求（最小实体基本反之，就不在赘述）：A、当被测要素的实际尺寸偏离最大实体尺寸时，形位公差可以获得补偿值的一种公差原则。即：图纸上标注的形位公差值是被测要素在最大实体状态下给定的。当被测要素直径偏离最大实体直径时，形位公差值可得到一个补偿值。该补偿值是最大实体直径和实际直径之差的绝对值B、以轴举例：一直径φ20、尺寸公差0至-0.02、直线度公差φ0.01，并遵守最大实体原则的轴颈，该轴最大实体尺寸为φ20,若被测要素实测值为φ19.99,则直线度公差可以得到一个补偿值即φ20-φ19.99=φ0.01,也就是说轴线可以在φ0.02直线度公差带内变动。C、轴线直线度公差采用最大实体要求：若轴的实际尺寸为dm=φ20，则直线度公差为0.1，轴的最大实体实效尺寸为φ20.1；若轴的实际尺寸为dm=φ19.9，则直线度公差为0.2，轴的最大实体实效尺寸为φ20.1；若轴的实际尺寸为dm=φ19.7，则直线度公差为0.4，轴的最大实体实效尺寸为φ20.1。Materialsincludinginformationandpicturespresentedinthisdocumentareconfidentialandintendedsolelyforthepersonororganizationtowhomitispresented.Itmaycontainprivilegedandconfidentialinformation.Ifyouarenottheintendedaudienceorrecipient,youshouldnotcopy,distributeortakeanyactioninrelianceonit.Allrights,includinginformationandpicturespresentedinthispresentationaresolepropertiesofAmphenol-SAA包容原则包容原则：是指尺寸公