Lesson 13 Marine Boilers and Their Construction

动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentWuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologyPowerEngineeringDepartmentLuobin动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentUnit2AuxiliaryMachinery第2单元辅助机械动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentLesson13MarineBoilersandTheirConstruction第13课船用锅炉及其结构动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment主锅炉Mainboiler辅锅炉Auxiliaryboiler,donkeyboiler水管锅炉Watertubeboiler火管/烟管锅炉Firetubeboiler,tankboiler,smoketubeboiler燃油锅炉Oil-firedboiler废气锅炉Exhaustgasboiler蒸汽锅炉Steamboiler热油锅炉/加热炉Thermaloilboiler/heater混合式锅炉Combinedboiler废气热油锅炉Exhaustgasthermaloilboiler/heater燃油废气混合式锅炉Oil-firedandexhaustgascompositeboiler立式直水管燃油锅炉Verticaloil-firedstraightWaterTubeboiler立式横烟管锅炉Vertical-typehorizontalsmoketubeboiler立式竖烟管锅炉Vertical-typeverticalsmoketubeboiler卧式烟管锅炉Horizontalsmoketubeboiler动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Aboilerinoneformoranotherwillbefoundoneverytypeofship.•每种类型的船上总会有某种类型的锅炉。•Wherethemainmachineryissteampowered（蒸汽动力）,oneormorelargewater-tubeboilers（水管锅炉）willbefittedtoproducesteamatveryhightemperaturesandpressures.•在主动力装置为蒸汽驱动的船舶上，安装一个或多个大型水管锅炉以产生高温和高压的蒸汽。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Onadieselmainmachineryvessel,asmaller(usuallyfiretubetype)boilerwillbefittedtoprovidesteamforthevariousshipservices.•在柴油机为主动力装置的船舶上，安装一个小型的(通常为火管式)锅炉用来为各种船舶服务提供蒸汽。•Evenwithinthetwobasicdesigntypes,watertubeandfiretube.Avarietyof（各种）designsandvariations（变化）exist.•甚至在水管锅炉和火管锅炉这两个基本的设计类型中，各种设计和变化都存在。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Aboilerisusedtoheatfeedwater（锅炉给水）inordertoproducesteam.•锅炉用来加热锅炉给水以产生蒸汽。•Theenergyreleasedbytheburningfuelintheboilerfurnace（锅炉炉膛）isstored(astemperatureandpressure)inthesteamproduced.•在炉膛内通过燃烧燃料所释放的能量(以温度和压力的形式)被储存在产生的蒸汽中。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Allboilershaveafurnaceorcombustionchamber（燃烧室）wherefuelisburnttoreleaseitsenergy.•所有的锅炉都会有一个炉膛或燃烧室，燃料在里面燃烧，释放出能量。•Airissuppliedtotheboilerfurnacetoenablecombustionofthefuelto（使…成够…）takeplace（发生）.•空气供给到锅炉炉膛内，使燃料能够充分燃烧。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Alargesurfaceareabetweenthecombustionchamber（燃烧室）andthewaterenablestheenergyofcombustion,intheformof（以…的形式）heat,tobetransferredtothewater.•燃烧室与水之间大量的表面面积使燃烧的能量以热的形式传递给水。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Adrum（锅筒）mustbeprovidedwheresteamandwatercanseparate.•（锅炉）必须有一个锅筒，在锅筒中蒸汽和水能分离。•Theremustalsobeavarietyof（各种）fittings（装置）andcontrols（调节装置）toensurethatfueloil,airandfeedwatersuppliesarematchedto（与…相匹配）thedemand（需求量）forsteam.•还必须有各种装置和调节装置以保证燃油、空气和锅炉给水与蒸汽的需求量相匹配。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Finallytheremustbeanumberoffittings（配件）ormountings（配件）whichensurethesafeoperationoftheboiler.•最后必须有许多配件以保证锅炉的安全运行。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Inthesteamgenerationprocess（蒸发过程）thefeedwaterenterstheboilerwhereitisheatedandbecomessteam.•在蒸发过程中，炉水进入锅炉内，并被加热变成蒸汽。•Thefeedwatercirculatesfromthesteamdrum（汽锅筒）tothewaterdrum（水锅筒）andisheatedintheprocess.•炉水从汽锅筒到水锅筒中循环并在循环过程中被加热。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Someofthefeedwaterpassesthroughtubessurrounding（vt.环绕）thefurnace,i.e.Waterwall（水冷壁）andfloortubes（炉底管）,whereitisheatedandreturnedtothesteamdrum（汽锅筒）.•部分炉水流经炉膛周围的管子，也就是水冷壁和炉底管，在里面水被加热并返回到汽锅筒。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thesteamisproducedinasteamdrum（汽锅筒）andmaybedrawnoff（排除）forusefromhere.•蒸汽在汽锅筒中产生，并且可从里面被排出使用。•Itisknownas（被称作）wetorsaturatedsteam（饱和蒸汽）inthisconditionbecauseitwillcontainsmallquantitiesofwater.•（这种蒸汽）被称作该条件下的湿蒸汽或者饱和蒸汽，因为蒸汽中会含有少量的水。•wetsteam湿蒸汽动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Alternatively（另外一种情况）thesteammaypasstoasuperheater（过热器）whichislocatedwithintheboiler.•另外一种情况是，蒸汽可通过位于锅炉内的过热器。•Heresteamisfurtherheatedand“dried”,i.e.alltracesofwater（痕量水，tracewater）areconvertedinto（变成）steam.•在里面，蒸汽被进一步加热并“干燥”，也就是所有的痕量水都变成蒸汽。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thissuperheatedsteam（过热蒸汽）thenleavestheboilerforuseinthesystem.•然后，过热蒸汽离开锅炉在系统中使用。•Thetemperatureofsuperheatedsteam（过热蒸汽）willbeabovethatofthesteaminthedrum（锅筒）.•过热蒸汽的温度将会高于锅筒中的温度。•Anattemperator（调温器）,i.e.asteamcooler（蒸汽冷却器）,maybefittedinthesystemtocontrolthesuperheatedsteamtemperature.•调温器，即蒸汽冷却器，安装在系统中以控制过热蒸汽的温度。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentThetypeofthemarineboiler船用锅炉的类型动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Therearetwodistinct(截然不同的)typesofmarineboilersinuseonboardship,thefire-tubeboiler（火管锅炉）inwhichthehotgases（炽热烟气）fromthefurnacespassthroughthetubeswhilethewaterisontheoutside,andthewater-tubeboiler（水管锅炉）inwhichthewaterthroughtheinsideofthetubeswhilethehotfurnacegases（炽热的炉膛烟气）passaroundtheoutside.•船用锅炉有两种截然不同的类型，火管锅炉和水管锅炉。在火管锅炉中，从炉膛里出来的炽热烟气在管中流过，而水在管外；在水管锅炉中，水在管内流动，而炽热的炉膛烟气在管子周围经过。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentWatertubeboilers水管锅炉动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment1.上锅筒2.下锅筒3.直立水管束4.炉膛5.预燃室8-喷油调风装置9-点火器10-点火喷油咀11-火焰感受器12.汽水分离器13.上排污漏斗15.人孔门6.挡烟墙7.下降水管14.自动水位调节器立式直水管燃油锅炉[Verticaloil-firedstraightWaterTubeboiler]动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thewatertubeboiler（水管锅炉）isemployedforhighpressure,hightemperature,andhighcapacitysteamapplications,e.g.providingsteamformainpropulsionturbines（主推进涡轮机）orcargopumpturbines（货油泵汽轮机）.•水管锅炉用于高压、高温和大容量的蒸汽应用，例如，为主推进（蒸汽）涡轮机或货油泵汽轮机提供蒸汽。•★★★大中型油船常使用汽轮机（蒸汽透平）驱动货油泵（容量较大的蒸汽透平油泵）输送油。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Firetubeboilers（火管锅炉）areusedforauxiliarypurposes（辅助用途）toprovidesmallerquantiti