Lesson 19 Bilge Water Treatment System

动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentWuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologyPowerEngineeringDepartmentLuobin动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentLesson19BilgeWaterTreatmentSystem第19课舱底水处理系统动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Whatisbilgewater（舱底水）?•什么是舱底水？•Bilgewatercollectsinaship’sbilgewells（舱底水井）,whicharelocatedinthelowermost（最低的,最底下的）partofthevesseljustabovethehull（船体）?.•舱底水收集在船舶的舱底水井中，其位于船体以上的最低处。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thewells（水井）receivewaterandmechanicalfluidsfromoperationalsources（工作场所）,suchastechnicalrooms（工艺车间）,propulsionsystemsanddifferentmachinery.•舱底水井接收来自工作场所的污水和机械废液。例如，工艺车间，推进系统和不同的机械。•Bilgewateralsocontainsfluidsfrommachineryspaces（机舱）,internaldrainagesystems（内部排水系统）,sludgetanks（污水柜）andvariousothersources（Fig.19-1）.•舱底水还包括来自机舱，内部排水系统，污水柜和其它各种来源的污水（图19-1）。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thedefinitionofbilgewateristhusmuchwiderinscope（范围）thanmerelythecontentsofaship‘sbilge（船舶舱底）,theenclosedarea（封闭区域）betweentheframes（框架）wherethesidesofthevesselcurveintoformthebottom.•因此，机舱污水的定义在范围上不仅包括船舶舱底—使船舶外侧弯曲形成底部的框架间的封闭区域。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Insimpleterms（简单来说）,bilgewatercontainstwotypesofsubstreams（子流）:（1）flowsthatarereasonablycontinuousandpredictable（可预言的）,and（2）flowsthatareintermittent（间歇的,断断续续的）innature（实际上,本质上）anddifficulttoforesee（预见,预知）.•简单来说，舱底水包含两类子流：（1）连续或可预期的液流；（2）间断或难以预期的液流。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thefirstcategory（第一类）includeswaterfromtheseparatorsludgetank（分离器污水柜）andwaterfromcleaningactivities（activity，作业）intheship'sengineroom（机舱）.•第一类包括分离器污水柜和机舱清洗作业产生的污水。•Thesecondcategory（第二类）mayincludesootwater（灰水）,leakage（泄漏）andincidentspill（事故溢油）fromtanksandmachineryspaces.•第二类包括灰水，泄露以及油柜和机舱的事故溢油。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Bilgewater（舱底水）containsamixtureofwaterandfluidsfromvarioussourcesonboardthatistreatedforcleanwaterdischargeoverboard•舱底水是来自船上各种场所的污水和流体的混合物，对其经处理后排到舷外。•Bilgewateristhuscomposedofamixtureofwater,detergents（清洁剂）andotherchemicals,fueloil（燃油）,lubricatingoil（滑油）,hydraulicoil（液压油）,catfines（淤泥）,oiladditives（油品添加剂）,soot（烟灰）anddirt（污垢）.•因此，舱底水由水，清洁剂和其他化学品，机械杂质，燃油，润滑油，液压油，淤泥，油品添加剂，烟灰和污垢等混合物组成。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thismixtureiscollectedinthebilgewater（舱底水）holdingtank（收集舱）,whichgenerallyismaintainedatanelevatedtemperature（高温）.•这些混合物收集在舱底水收集舱，其通常维持在高温。•Thishightemperaturefacilitates（使容易,促进）primarygravityseparation（初级重力分离）,preferably（更适宜，最好）ofthetwo-orthree-stagetype,inthebilgewatertank（舱底水柜）.•在舱底水柜中，高温更有助于两级或三级型的初步重力分离。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Here,oilrisestothetopandparticles（颗粒）settle（沉淀）onthetankbottom,generallydividingbilgewaterintothreedistinctlayers（分层）inthetank:•在这里，油上升到顶部，颗粒沉淀到柜底。通常将柜中的舱底水分为三个明显的分层：•Toplayers.•上层动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thiscontainsmostoftheoilandorganicsolvents（有机溶剂）andconstitutes（构成）asmallportionofthetotaltankvolume.•这一层包括大多数油和有机溶剂，仅占柜总容量的一小部分。•Skimming（撇去）thistoplayerforseparatetreatmentisrecommended.•作为分离处理，建议将顶层撇去。•Middle,ormain,layer•中间层或主层动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thisaqueousphase（水相，液相）containswaterpollutedbyoil,chemicalsandparticlesinemulsifiedform（乳化物）•这部分液相包含被油、化学物质和乳化物中的颗粒污染的水。•Thisisfedtothebilgewatertreatmentsystem.•这部分被送到舱底水处理系统。•Bottomlayer•底层动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thiscontainssolidsandheavysludge（重质泥渣）,whichshouldalsoberemovedforseparatetreatment.•这部分包括固体物质和重质泥渣，作为分离处理将被清除。•Bilgewaterlegislation•舱底水相关的法律•Bilgewater（舱底水）treatmentisanenvironmentalapplicationthatmustmeetstringentrequirementsofinternationallegislation（国际法规）.•舱底水处理作为环境应用，必须符合国际法规的严格要求。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Disposalofuntreatedbilgewaterintooceansisstrictlyprohibitedbyinternationallawandsubjectto（遭受）heavyfines（罚款）,especiallyinsensitivewaters（敏感水域）.•将未处理过的舱底水倾倒海洋中是国际法规严厉禁止，将遭受重罚，尤其是在敏感水域。•CurrentMARPOLlegislationstipulates（规定）thatseparatedbilgewatercontaining15ppmorbelowoilinwatercanbedisposedintointernationalwaters（国际海域）.•目前MARPOL公约规定含油量15ppm以下的舱底水才可以排入国际海域（公海）。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Somenational,regionalandlocalauthorities（地方当局）,especiallythosegoverningsensitivewaters,havemorestringentregulations.•一些国家，地区和地方当局，尤其是管理敏感水域的地区，有更为严格的法规。•IntheUnitedStatesandintheBaltic（波罗的海）andNorthSeas,forinstance,disposalofseparatedbilgewaterisonlypermittedatleast12nauticalmiles（海里）fromshore（远离海岸）.•例如，在美国和波罗的海及北海，处理过的舱底水只有在远离海岸12公里以上才允许排放。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•TheInternationalMaritimeOrganization（IMO）（国际海事组织）resolution（决议）MEPC（MaritimeEnvironmentProtectionCommittee海洋环境保护委员会）107（49）specifieshowtotypeapproveequipmentusedonboardships.•IMO决议MEPC107（49）明确了如何审核船用设备。•Theresolutioncomplieswith（遵照，照做）theEuropeanMarineEquipmentDirective（欧洲海运设备指令）,MED96/98/EC（Table19-1）.•该决议遵照欧洲海运设备指令（MED96/98/EC）。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment国际海事组织对机舱油污水处理的新旧要求MEPC60（33）MEPC107（49）精确度+/-5ppm+/-5ppm最大油分浓度报警设定15ppm15ppm实验方法柴油重质燃料油、柴油和燃料油的乳化液数据保存不需要保存18个月数据修改验证不需要需要固体杂质去除量10ppm空气微尘100ppm氧化铁校准/核查根据需要/当有疑问时由厂家或授权的机构在IOPP检验时或之前进行强制性核查/重新校准动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Manymanufacturershavesucceededinmeetingthespecifiedrequirements（专门要求）forequipmentcertification,butmuchofthisequipmentfallsshortof（缺乏，达不到）deliveringthehighseparationef