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1.某设备上真空表读数为13.3×103Pa,试计算设备内的绝对压力和表压。大气压力为98.7×103Pa。第一章习题解:p真=13.3×103Pap绝=p大-p真=98.7×103-13.3×103=85.4×103Pap表=-p真=-13.3×103Pa2.在附图所示的储油罐中盛有密度为960kg/m3的油品,油面高于罐底9.6m,油面上方为常压。在罐侧壁的下部,有一直径为760mm的圆孔,其中心距罐底800mm,孔盖用14mm的钢制螺钉紧固。若螺钉材料的许用应力为39.23×106Pa,试求至少需要几个螺钉?解:pa=hgρ=8.8×9.8×960=82790P=paπD2/4n=P/([σ]πd2/4)=82790×0.82/(39.23×106×0.0142)=6.89n=8(圆整)9.6m0.8ma3.某水泵进口管处真空表读数为650mmHg,出口管处压力表读数为2.45×105Pa,试问水泵前后的压力差为多少Pa?多少米水柱?第一章习题解:p真=650mmHg=(650/760)×1.01325×105Pa=0.87×105Pap压=2.45×105PaΔp=p压+p真=(2.45+0.87)×105=3.32×105Pah水=(3.32/1.013)×10.33=33.8mH2O4.欲知地下油品贮槽的存油量,采用附图所示装置在地面上进行测量。测量时通入氮气,用调节阀控制氮气流量,使之缓慢地在观察瓶中通过。若已测得R=130mmHg,通气管管口距槽底距离h1=20cm,试问长2m、宽3m的矩形贮油槽内存油量为多少吨?(油的密度为800kg/m3)解:pA=Rgρ汞=0.13×9.8×13600=17326PaH=pA/gρ=17326/(9.8×800)=2.21m存油量:G=(2.21+0.2)×2×3×800=11.6t5.某水管的两端设置一水银U形管压差计以测量管内的压差,水银柱的读数最大值为2cm,因读数值大小影响测量的精确度,拟使最大读数放大20倍,试问应选择密度为多少的液体作为指示液?解:R汞=2cm;R=2×20=40cmΔp=(ρ汞-ρ水)gR=(13600-1000)×9.8×0.02=2470PaΔp=(ρ-1000)×9.8×0.4=2470Paρ=(2470/(9.8×0.4))+1000=1630kg/m37.列管换热器的管束由121根Φ25mm×2.5mm的钢管组成,空气以9m/s的速度在管内流过,空气的温度为50℃,压力为1.96×105Pa(表压),大气压为9.87×104Pa。试求:(1)空气的质量流量;(2)操作条件下空气的体积流量;(3)标准条件下空气的体积流量。解:ρ=pM/RT=(2.947×105×29×10-3)/(8.314×323)=3.182qm=qvρ=9×3.14×0.022×121×3.182/4=1.088kg/sqv=qm/ρ=1.088/3.182=0.342m3/sqvN=qvpT0/p0T=0.342×294.7×273/(101.3×323)=0.841m3/s8.硫酸流经为Φ57mm×3.5mm和Φ76mm×4mm的变径管路。硫酸的密度为1830kg/m3,体积流量为150L/min,试分别计算硫酸在两种管路中的:(1)质量流量;(2)平均流速;(3)质量流速。解:(1)qm=qvρ=(150×10-3/60)×1830=4.58kg/s(2)u1=qv/S1=(150×10-3/60)/(0.052×3.14/4)=1.27m/su2=qv/S2=(150×10-3/60)/(0.0682×3.14/4)=0.688m/s(3)Gm1=u1ρ=1.27×1830=2324kg/(m2.s)Gm2=u2ρ=0.688×1830=1259kg/(m2.s)9.某鼓风机吸入管直径为200,在喇叭形进口处测得U形压差计读数R=15mm(水为指示液),不考虑阻力,空气的密度为1.2kg/m3,试求管道内空气的体积流量。解:p1=0,z1=z2,u1=0pa-p2=ρ.u22/2;pa-p2=R.gρ水u2=(2R.gρ水/ρ)1/2=(2×0.015×9.8×1000/1.2)0.5=15.7m/sqv=u2×πd2/4=15.7×3.14×0.22×3600/4=1775m3/h=0.493m3/s10.水以60m3/s的流量在倾斜管中流过,管的内径由200mm缩小到100mm,A,B两点垂直距离为0.5m,在此两点间连接一U形管压差计,指示液为四氯化碳,密度为1630,试求(1)U形管两侧指示液液面哪侧高,相差多少?(2)若水平放置,压差计读数有何变化?解:(1)(2)水平放置,压差计读数不变。2222AABBABpupuzgzg22221()()21(2.123-0.531)+0.5=0.715m29.8ABBAABppuuzzgg110000.71510009.870071[()0.5]0.50.570070.510009.80.341()(16301000)9.8ABABppPaRpphgghgRggRRgpggpgRmg;解:(1)(2)2211221222pupuzgzgR222212222235.8225.53.4;5.5/3.43.98/0.0413.98360018.9/4vuuzgzgguugmsqms31.218.922.69/4.78/7.91.59.42.42vqmhumszmzm7m1.5m1212.用高位水箱向常压容器供水,管路直径Φ48mm×3.5mm,输送系统阻力为∑R=5.8u2/2,求水的流量。若流量需要增加20%,可采取什么措施?解:2211221222pupuzgzgR13.用压缩空气将封闭贮槽的硫酸送到高位槽,两液面高差4m,管中流速1m/s,阻力损失15J/kg,硫酸密度1800kg.m3,求槽内应保持多大的压力(Pa),用表压表示。4m2111pzgR41(49.815)18009.7610pPa20.已知:t=20℃,ρ=1200kg/m3,进料量3×104kg/h,反应器内压力为1×104Pa,管径为Φ89mm×4mm,管长45m,有孔板流量计1个(ξ=8.25),全开闸阀2个,90°弯头4个,液面高差15m,泵效率0.65,试求泵的轴功率。12解:422310/(36003.140.0811200/4)1.35/ums22eupwzgR2422159.81.35/2110/1200(/8.250.1720.7540.5)/2ewldu30.0811.3512000.2Re625000.002=0.0272.11081dud,,4181/,181310/36001.5/1.5/0.652.32mWeJkgPeWeqkWPPekW25.管路系统如图所示,ε=0.3mm,试求:(1)20℃清水,流量为15m3/h,球阀全开(ξ=6),一个90°弯头ξ=0.75,pA、pB是多少?(2)H不变,阀门关小(ξ=20),pA、pB是多少?(3)由此可得到什么结论?12HPAPBl2=10ml1=30mΦ57mm×3.5mm解:(1)(2)(3)阀门关小,u↓,pA↑,pB↓2221122212(0.7560.5)222pupuulzgzgd225(15/3600)/(3.140.05/4)2.123/,/0.3/500.006Re0.052.1231000/0.001110,0.033umsd2402.123(0.0330.7560.5)7.95180.052Hmg2122/210009.8810002.123/210009.8(0.03330/0.050.750.5)2.123/228785AfApgHughPa22878510009.8(62.123/2)15267BAfABppghgPa2240(0.0330.75200.5)8,1.8/0.0522uuHums2210009.8810001.8/210009.8(0.03330/0.05200.5)1.8/242760ApPa22878510009.8(61.8/2)10360BpgPa12A28.储水槽水位恒定,水管内径100mm,指示液为水银的U形压差计。试求:(1)当闸阀关闭时,R=600mm,h=1500;当闸阀开启时,R=400mm,h=1400,摩擦系数取0.025,入口ξ=0.5,问每小时出水流量(m3/h)?(2)当闸阀全开时,U形压差计测压点的压力为多少Pa?解:(1)测压点A:(2)0,,/AAoApRghgphgRgHgp11()(136000.69.8150010009.8)6.6610009.8AopHRghgmgg6.6610009.865268ApPa22AAupHgR2265268156.66(0.0250.5),3.13/210000.12AAAuugums233.140.13.13360088.45/vqmh2211221222upupzgzgR222235(15)0.025(150.5)20.12uulRd22222226.664.56255.3125,3.51/2uguuums222222153.513.51(0.0250.5)1000(6.669.84.25)3292820.1222AuupHgPa19.有两个液面高度相差6m的贮槽,A槽底面出口接管直径为600mm、长3000m的管道BC,在接点C处分为两支管分别与下槽相遇。支管CD和CE的长度均为250mm,摩擦系数为0.04,试求A槽向下槽的流量为多少?解:16mBCDEd1d2d322211221222upupzgzgR22221122212221121250,2()2(),2.8822600luludRuuuuuddd2222230001250250060.04()0.04,0.527/0.626000.252uguums2211130002500160.040.04(2.88),0.183/0.620.252uguums230.60.1833600186/4vqmh22.20℃水由高位槽流入反应器B和吸收塔C。器B内压力为4.9×104Pa,塔C的真空度为9.8×103Pa。ε=0.15mm,如果向反应器供应0.314kg/s的水,向吸收器供应0.417kg/s的水,问高位槽液面至少高于地面多少?解:AzAl=20+zAΦ57×34m8mBCl=15mΦ25×2.5l=20mΦ25×2222211221212()2222AABBABupupluluzgzgdd21230.785/(3.140.051/4)0.4/1/,1.36/umsumsums11Re0.0510.41000/0.00120000,0.0322Re20000,0.03833Re23000,0.00752201490000.4151(0.030.03)10.93210000.05120.022AABAzzgzgzm222233111313()2222CCAAACupluupluzgzgdd
本文标题:化原第一章习题答案
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