六西格玛MINITAB实现制造业品质提升

追求卓越品质MINITAB实现制造业品质提升Percent1200800400099.99990501010.1N213AD1.305P-Value0.005Percent420-299.99990501010.1N213AD0.494P-Value0.213ZValueP-ValueforADtest1.21.00.80.60.40.20.20.10.00.78RefPP-ValueforBestFit:0.213450ZforBestFit:0.78BestTransformationType:SBTransformationfunctionequals1.44014+1.64861*Log((X+50.5647)/(1633.25-X))ProbabilityPlotforOriginalDataProbabilityPlotforTransformedDataSelectaTransformation(P-Value=0.005means=0.005)JohnsonTransformationforMinutesWorksheet:JohnsonIndividualValue21119016914812710685644322120-2_X=0.088UCL=2.469LCL=-2.292MovingRange211190169148127106856443221420__MR=0.895UCL=2.924LCL=0ObservationValues2102052001951900-1-23.002.251.500.750.00-0.75-1.50-2.25LSL*USL*SpecificationsLSL*-1.85849USL*-0.76213420-2OverallSpecsOverallLocation0.0883396Scale0.984812Pp0.19Ppk-0.29ProcessCapabilitySixpackofMinutesJohnsonTransformationwithSBDistributionType1.440+1.649*Log((X+50.565)/(1633.247-X))Worksheet:JohnsonIChartMovingRangeChartLast25ObservationsCapabilityHistogramNormalProbPlotAD:0.494,P:0.213TransformedCapaPlotMeanofWeightAngleProductType90degrees45degrees0degreesSensitiveOriginalSensitiveOriginalSensitiveOriginal0.040.030.020.010.00ProductTypeOriginalSensitiveProductComparisons内容纲要Minitab--六西格玛品质的实现工具六西格玛概述Minitab的几个分析实例案例分享Overview总述•SixSigmaisamethodologythatdrivesprocessimprovement.MINITABstatisticalsoftwareprogressestheSixSigmainitiativesthroughitseasy-to-useinterfaceandinformativeresults.ThistalktowillfocusonapplicationsofstatisticaltoolsthroughoutthephasesofSixSigmaprojectsfromboththemanufacturingandserviceindustries.•六西格玛是推动过程改善的一种方法。MINITAB统计软件通过它易操作的界面与有价格的结果来推动六西格玛运动的发展。这说明贯穿在制造业与服务业的六西格玛项目整个阶段的重点在于统计工具的应用上。SixSigmaModel六西格玛模式–Define–DetermineProcesstoImprove–定义－确定改善流程–Measure–CurrentStateofProcess–测量－当时的流程形态–Analyze–RootCauseAnalysis–分析－根源分析–Improve–ChangeProcess–改善－改变流程–Control–SustaintheGains–控制－维持效果DMAIC改进流程D界定C控制C控制C控制D界定M量测M量测M量测A分析过程质量A分析A分析I改进I改进I改进D界定D界定螺旋式上升的DMAIC流程DefineDefine定义定义¾¾DeterminetheprocesstobeimprovedDeterminetheprocesstobeimproved¾¾IdentifyIdentifyyourCustomersyourCustomers¾¾IdentifyyourProblemIdentifyyourProblem¾¾确定需要改善的流程确定需要改善的流程¾¾鉴别你的客户鉴别你的客户¾¾鉴别你的问题鉴别你的问题MeasureMeasure测量测量DeterminetheextentofProblemDeterminetheextentofProblemIdentifyyourInputs&Outputs(XIdentifyyourInputs&Outputs(X’’s&Ys&Y’’s)s)MINITABMINITABMeasureitMeasureit确定问题范围鉴别你的输入与输出（X’s&Y’s）测量它•Pareto帕莱托图•GageR&R•AttributeAgreement属性一致性分析•ControlCharts控制图•CapabilityAnalysis能力分析•Graphics图表Screenpotentialcauses筛选潜在原因Identifysourcesorrootcausesofproblem鉴别问题的来源或根源DrawConclusions引出结论AnalyzeAnalyze分析分析MINITABMINITAB•GageR&R•HypothesisTests假设检验•ANOVA方差分析•Correlation相关性•Regression回归分析•CapabilityAnalysis能力分析•Graphics图表•DOE试验设计Identifywhatimprovementstoimplement确定改善的工具Determineoptimalsettings确定最佳方案Confirmresults确定结果MINITABMINITABImproveImprove改善改善•GageR&R•AttributeAgreement属性一致性分析•HypothesisTests假设检验•ANOVA方差分析•Regression回归分析•Graphics图表•CapabilityAnalysis能力分析•ResponseOptimizer优化响应•DOE试验设计Sustainthegains维持效果Permanentchange持久改善ControlControl控制控制MINITABMINITAB•ControlCharts控制图•CapabilityAnalysis能力分析示例1某生产摩托车的公司，要降低有缺陷的测速计所产生的质量成本。在检验过程中，有一定数量的测速计遭到拒收，并记录了缺陷的类型。在工作表的“缺陷”列中输入缺陷的名称，并在“计数”列中输入相应的计数。我们都知道，通过集中处理造成大部分拒收的缺陷，可以节省大部分费用。Pareto图将帮助您确定导致大部分问题的是哪些缺陷。Define:Howcanwereducequalitycostsassociatedwithdefectivespeedometers?定义：我们如何才能减少由于计速器的缺陷而造成的质量成本Count2745943191018Percent64.813.910.24.52.44.3Cum%64.878.788.993.495.7100.0CountPercentDefectTypeOtherIncompletePartDefectiveHousingLeakyGasketMissingClipsMissingScrews4003002001000100806040200ParetoChartofSpeedometerDefectTypesCount232116531230800350157Percent35.625.418.912.35.42.4Cum%35.661.079.992.297.6100.0WeightedCountPercentDefectTypeOtherMissingClipsScrapIncompletePartDefectiveHousingLeakyGasket70006000500040003000200010000100806040200WeightedParetoChartofSpeedometerDefectTypesMeasure:Canwetrustourdata?测量：我们可以相信我们的数据吗？ProductionProductionInspection=DefectsInspection=Defects产品产品检查检查缺点缺点====15%10%Measure:AttributeAgreementAnalysis测量：属性一致性分析EachAppraiservsStandard每一位鉴别者VS标准Appraiser#Inspected#MatchedPercent95%CI1201890.00(68.30,98.77)2201575.00(50.90,91.34)BetweenAppraisers鉴别者之间#Inspected#MatchedPercent95%CI201785.00(62.11,96.79)AppraiserPercent2110080604020095.0%CIPercentDateofstudy:June15.2005Reportedby:METNameofproduct:SpringfieldPlantAssessmentAgreementAppraiservsStandardMeasure:CapabilityAnalysis测量：能力分析UnderstandingtheCapabilityoftheProcessUnderstandingtheCapabilityoftheProcess了解流程能力了解流程能力LSLUSLProcessAcceptableProductCustomersWantsDefectiveProductDefectiveProductCapabilityAnalysis:Metrics能力分析：评价参数•Sigma-alsoknownasZBenchorBenchmarkZ•西格玛-也称ZBench或者BenchmarkZ•Cpk-PotentialCapability•Cpk-潜在能力•Ppk-ProcessPotential•Ppk-潜在流程能力测量：了解当时流程的形态某电缆制造商要评估电缆的直径是否符合规格，线缆直径规格为0.55+0.05cm。分析员评估过程的能力以确保其满足客户的要求，即Ppk为1.33。分析员每小时从生产线中取5根连续的线缆作为一个子组，并记录直径。评估当时的流程能力?CapabilityAnalysis:Assumptions能力分析：假设•Processisstableovertime.•流程在时间跨度方面是稳定的。•Theassumeddistribution(usuallynormal)isanadequatefittothesampledata.•假定分布（通常状态）对样本数据是足够的，适合的。AssessingStabilityoverTime: